24 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 35 



The foreshafts of reed arrows worked from hard wood, made with 

 a tang and shoulder and fitted in the end of the pile, display neatness 

 and skill in joinery. Bows are generally rude, though examples are 

 accurately shaped and finished. More skill was displayed in the 

 preparation of ceremonial paraphernalia, and among the objects may 

 be found rods worked with roundels, like lathe turning, and flat strips 

 of wood tied together with cord edge to edge, like modern Pueblo 

 ceremonial headdresses. 



TEXTILES 



Every plant in the region that yields fiber was utilized, and in 

 consequence the variety of cords found in the caves and cliff-dwell- 

 ings is remarkable. The stronger and more durable of these were 

 made from the fiber of various species of the yucca, dasylirion, agave, 

 and other plants of this order, the leaves of which also furnished 

 extremely useful sinewy strips for tying. The fiber was extracted 

 by scraping and chewing, the latter process giving rise to the " quids " 

 which are of common occurrence in cave refuse. Shredded bark of 

 the willow and alder was twisted into soft cord, and on the upper 

 Tularosa woven into coarse cloth, and cords of human and animal 

 hair, though less common than other kinds, were also made. In some 

 localities cotton cords and thread were abundant and in others of 

 limited occurrence. 



A remarkable range of technic in cord was known here. Two, 

 three, and four ply ; loose twisted, hard twisted ; flat, round, and 

 square braid, and served cord, are among the varieties. Both un- 

 twisted strands of cotton and cotton twisted to the fineness of small 

 thread are found. A noteworthy range of colors produced by dye- 

 ing occur, and the ties and knots are various enough to form a 

 separate study. Many of the fabrics produced show advanced orna- 

 mentation. 



Woven cloth of various materials and fineness was produced, 

 cotton being the most common textile. On Blue river and the head 

 streams of the Gila cotton garments were ornamented with drawn 

 work. As to the apparatus and tools used in weaving the most 

 earnest search yields no clew. 



v BASKETRY 



The following varieties of technic were here practised, viz, twin- 

 ing and tying in feather cord robes and jackets, tule and yucca mats 

 or skirts; wicker, in basketry and sandals; checker, twilled, and 

 diaper in mats, sandals, and baskets; plain and ornamental weaving 



