30 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bill. 35 



This quarry was worked by the aborigines. In the neighborhood of 

 the quarry is a walled inclosure of great extent, containing near one 

 side a " reservoir." 



No. .J. Pueblos, cares, and cliff -dwellings. — At Gatton's ranch, on 

 Sapillo creek, a branch of the Gila, Bandelier (Final Report, 11, 359) 

 saw a quantity of pottery and other artifacts which were taken from a 

 cache some time before his visit. The specimens were stated to be 

 like those from the Mimbres valley, which lies a few miles to the east. 

 The ruins along the Sapillo are small and in no respect diiferent 

 from those on the headwaters of the Mimbres. 



Bandelier also mentions the occurrence of caves at Mangas springs" 

 (6 miles southeast of Gila, T. 16 W., R. 17 S.), from which ceremonial 

 objects have been taken. 



No. 3. Cliff-house and care. — On Diamond river, about 8 miles 

 above the mouth and 10 miles southwest of Old Camp Vincent (on 

 T. 14 W., R. 10 S.), are ruins located in the walls of a canyon about 

 30 feet above the valley. The front wall is from 15 to 18 feet long, 

 is built of volcanic debris laid in mud, and has timbers cemented into 

 the inner face. There are two rooms, one of the latter about 11 

 feet long by 10 feet wide. The smaller room .has two loopholes and 

 the larger a door and window. To the right, 20 feet above, is an open 

 cavern, access to which can be had by rude steps. 



This cave contained broken bows and arrows heaped in a pile near 

 the front, and Mr. Henshaw estimated that there were more than 

 1,000 broken shafts at this spot.'' 



Bandelier describes a large cliff-dwelling located near no. 3, and 

 gives plans and sections. 



These cave dwellings are properly but one story high, but the compulsory 

 adaptation to the configuration of the ground has caused an accidental approach 

 to two stories. They are instructive for the study of the development of the 

 terraced house of the Pueblo Indian. Perfectly sheltered, and therefore quite 

 well ] (reserved, the cave villages are perhaps larger than the open-air ruins, 

 compactness compensating for the limitation in space. Rut they illustrate the 

 fact that the foundations remaining of villages built in the open air are fre- 

 quently only those of courts or inclosures, the mounds alone indicating the 

 site of buildings. Of the twenty-six compartments contained in the caves on 

 Diamond creek only, nine were clearly elevated structures, as the doorways 

 show ; the rest are in many cases courts of small dimensions, encompassed by 

 low and still perfect inclosures. The roofs are of the pueblo pattern, well 

 defined, but in one cave the trouble of building them was spared by completely 

 walling up the entrance, with two apertures for admission. The fireplace was a 

 rectangular hearth, as I found it at Pecos, and placed in the center of the 

 room. 



The partition walls are of stone and laid up in adobe mud. Some of them 

 still preserve their outer coating of yellowish clay. Their thickness is 0.30 



" Named for Mangas Coloradas. " Red Sleeves," the famous Apache. 

 6 Wheeler Report, Archaeology, vn, 370-371, Washington, 1879. 



