38 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 35 



Redington. Urn burials have been found at Tombstone, and the 

 pottery is of the coarse brown Pima type. The Mexican Boundary 

 Commission found few ruins along the border. Exploration of the 

 region, with special reference to the ruins along the San Pedro which 

 formed part of the route of the Coronado expedition, is desirable. 



3. THOMAS-CARLOS REGION 



This region may be considered an extension of the Pueblo Viejo 

 Valley region, as it is in the same zone and shows similar artifacts. 

 For the purpose of restricting the territory covered herein, and not to 

 convey the idea that a culture boundary occurs on the eastern margin 

 of the Tonto basin, the author has assumed an arbitrary limit running 

 north along the uplift that divides the southern course of Tonto 

 creek from San Carlos river. 



No. 16. Pueblo and ditch. — Eight miles south of Fort Thomas, Gra- 

 ham county, on the south side of the Gila, there is a ruin of consider- 

 able size which has connected with it a ditch 1,150 feet long and 8 feet 

 wide, descending from the base of Mount Graham. This ditch illus- 

 trates a method of irrigation frequently practised by the prehistoric 

 farmers of the Gila valley and other localities, where conditions were 

 favorable. The Maricopa use such acequias to-day. Torrents flow- 

 ing from the sides of the mountains are usually absorbed in the 

 detrital materials at the bases. To secure the water, the Indians dug 

 a ditch, intercepting the water and leading it down to their fields. 

 Ditches of this character excited considerable discussion with regard 

 to their use until the} 7 were explained by Bandelier. (Final Report, 

 pt. ii, 410.) 



No. 17. Pueblos. — Three pueblo ruins lying north of the Gila op- 

 posite no. 1G are mentioned by Bandelier. (Op. cit., 410.) 



No. 18. Pueblos. — Between Fort Thomas and San Carlos, at the 

 crossing of the Gila on the Fort Apache road, are several small ruins 

 with connected inclosures. Bandelier describes the walls as having 

 two parallel rows of stones. (Op. cit., 412.) 



No. 19. Pueblo. — Five miles east of San Carlos there is a ruin 

 located " in a bottom of similar appearance to all the flats or de- 

 pressions along the Gila river. A tank measuring 7G feet across 

 and incased by a rim of stones stands among the ruins. This feature 

 seems to be common in that section of Arizona. The pottery is in 

 all points similar to that of other ruins." (Bandelier, op. cit, 413.) 



No. 20. Pueblo. — Bandelier observed the ruins at Fort Thomas and 



says: 



They are distinctly of the small-house type, and rows of stones indicating 

 low inclosures connect the mounds that denote former buildings. There I 

 received the first impression of the peculiar checkerboard arrangement of which 



