hough] ANTIQUITIES OF GILA-SALT VALLEYS 89 



I have already spoken in chapter vii, in connection with the ruins on the 

 Mimbres and upper Gila of New Mexico. The remains about Fort Thomas are 

 much decayed, so that it is almost impossible without excavation to rees- 

 tablish the connecting lines. It struck me that tbe amount of stone rubbish 

 lying about was quite inconsiderable, and that the mounds, though- low, seemed 

 to consist of compact earth. This suggests the thought that the houses, except 

 the foundations, might have been of adobe. I was confirmed in this supposition 

 by descriptions which an old resident gave me of tbe ruins at Pueblo Viejo. 

 The largest mound at Fort Thomas measured 48 by 43 feet, and one of the 

 sides of an inclosure was 74 feet long. With these ruins there was an elliptical 

 depression, with raised rim or border about G meters in width. The dimen- 

 sions of the basin or hollow were 100 by 48 feet ; its depth was inconsiderable. 

 This structure I can only suppose to have been a tank. The artificial objects 

 bore tbe usual character, and the pottery was the same as at Fort Apache. 

 (Final Report, n, 400-ilO.) 



From a ruin near Fort Thomas the National Museum has a few 

 specimens which were forwarded by Dr. G. H. Moran. They consist 

 of stone implements, bone objects, and pottery. (Cat. no. 58, 184- 

 194; 58, 589-500.) 



No. 21. Pueblo. — On the site of the agency buildings at San Car- 

 los there is an almost obliterated ruin. The school children, under 

 the direction of Prof. S. B. Weeks, made excavations in this site and 

 unearthed a number of burial urns, specimens of which are now T in 

 the National Museum. The pottery, like that of the Pueblo Viejo 

 valley, is coarse brown in texture and covered with a surface wash 

 decorated in black and red. Bandelier says (op. cit., 412^413) : 



The foundations are double in some places, in others single. The village, 

 which must have covered much more ground than what I could survey, was, 

 therefore, an aggregation of dwellings and inelosures.' A mound 0.80 meter 

 (32 inches) high and 37 meters loug by 16 broad (121 by 52* feet) is con- 

 nected with the other remains. Its surface is traversed by a double line of 

 stone walls, showing that the rubbish muss once formed a house. This feature 

 was new to me, and it suggested the existence of a larger central building, 

 perhaps artificially elevated by means of an underlying platform, and con- 

 nected with the rest of the settlement by walls of courts or squares. What 

 few other buildings were visible were small houses resting on the level. The 

 rooms of these are large in comparison with those farther north. 



No. 22. Pueblo. — At Rice school on San Carlos creek, several miles 

 above the agency, there is an extensive ruin on the northwest bank of 

 the stream, and the Indian school is located on the site. Dr. Ales 

 Hrdlicka informs me that ruins consisting of numerous rows of 

 rooms oriented to various points extend from the school buildings 

 north to the creek. Lines of stones (remains of house walls) and a 

 mound consisting of stones now in a loose mass, surrounded by rooms, 

 are observed here. This mound is oval and about 30 feet long, and in 

 its rooms burials are found. Other burials have been located in dif- 

 ferent parts of the site. Cremation, and burial of the ashes in jars 



