hough] ANTIQUITIES OF GILA-SALT VALLEYS 41 



projections. Oblong turquoise beads like the spacers in modern 

 Pueblo necklaces, and polished stone and shell beads were found in 

 profusion. A large disk of white kaolin exists in the collection. 

 The arrowheads are generally of obsidian, long, slender, finely 

 worked, and often serrated. They are evidently sacrificial, and 

 were made specially for offerings. The weapons and pahos were 

 decorated with red. green, and black paint. 



II. — The Sax Francisco River System 



The San Francisco enters the Gila a few miles south of Clifton. 

 Ariz. It rises in the Escudilla peak, west of Luna, N. Mex., and 

 describing a semicircle, joins the Gila a little west of south of its 

 source. It has the following principal branches: Eagle creek, Blue 

 river, Pueblo creek, and the Tularosa river, with its main affluent, the 

 Apache. The region is forested and well watered and contains 

 numerous antiquities, consisting of pueblos elitf-houses, shelters, 

 sacrificial shrines, and petroglyphs. Everywhere, but especially along 

 the living streams, are indications of the presence "of prehistoric 

 tribes, and thousands of artificial objects taken from the sites by 

 curiosity seekers have been scattered. During the period of the 

 spoliation of the ruins in the Southwest this region suffered great 

 injury. Some collections 3 7 et remain in the care of those interested 

 in archeology, notably a large number of specimens of pottery, stone 

 implements, and cave material, which were brought together by a 

 citizen of Alma, N. Mex., from the rich locality in the neighborhood 

 of that place. The main river from the mouth of the Blue to a 

 few miles below Reserve post-office has not been examined, but numer- 

 ous caves and village sites are reported. Generally, wherever white 

 men have selected desirable spots to locate, it will be found that the 

 earlier inhabitants had previously chosen with equal wisdom these 

 spots for their villages. The Indians, however, often built in can- 

 yons, like that of the San Francisco, where only a small patch of 

 ground could be had for cultivation. On Pueblo creek, a stream 

 flowing into the San Francisco near Alma* is one of the best pre- 

 served cliff-dwellings, and there are also sacrificial caves to be found 

 in this region. Northeast of the mouth of Pueblo creek are many 

 ruins, especially those near Reserve post-office (Frisco). Above 

 Reserve the river cuts through the San Francisco range, forming a 

 vast canyon, which has never been penetrated by man. The ruins 

 situated along the San Francisco from Reserve to its source and those 

 on its upper branches are described in this paper. As stated above, 

 the course of the San Francisco farther down, to the mouth of the 

 Blue, remains for further examination. 



