70 



BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



fBITLL. 35 



No. 05. Sacred springs. — One of these springs is at " Mill Place," 

 Spur ranch on the San Francisco river; the second is the hot spring 



at the mouth of the deep canyon be- 

 tween Spur ranch and Reserve. Many 

 offerings of stone beads have been found 

 in the sands of these springs, but no 

 pottery has been observed. 



No. 00. Pueblo. — In the mountains ly- 

 ing between Reserve and the Spur ranch 

 stone ruins are sometimes seen along the 

 high ridges in the pine forests. They 

 are usually houses of one or two rooms, 

 but occasionally the remains of a stone 

 tower are seen by hunters. One of these 

 ruins, presumably of a tower, lies about 

 midway on the trail between Reserve 

 and the Spur ranch. These forest 



Fig. 40. Plan of ruin no. 90, Spur ranch. 



ruins probably were hunting lodges 



pic- 



mm 



('). TULAROSA RIVER 



The Tularosa is a short stream flowing southwest through a 

 turesque country and joining the San 

 Francisco about 4 miles south of Re- 

 serve post-office. (PI. v, a.) Between 

 its upper and lower reaches, Avhere the 

 river flows through canyons, lies one of 

 the most beautiful valleys in the South- 

 west, whose fertile land supports many 

 families, living principally at old Fort 

 Tularosa, at the head of the valley, and 

 at Joseph, near the lower extremity. 

 In ancient times there was a much 

 larger population who built numerous 

 pueblos on the terraces northwest of the 

 river overlooking the fields. The re- 

 mains of these pueblos render Tularosa 

 valley an important center of archeo- 

 logical interest. The valley of Apache 

 creek, which joins the Tularosa near 

 Joseph, was also densely populated by 

 the same tribes who settled the contigu- 

 ous vallejr. The Apache Creek ruins 



extend to the source of the stream on the southern slope of the Gallo 

 mountains. They are compact stone pueblos, some of large size; 

 one of these ruins near the mouth of the creek is surrounded entirely 





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Pig. 41. Plan of ruin no. 91, Spur ranoh. 



