hough] 



ANTIQUITIES OF GILA-SALT VALLEYS 



75 



and remains of shell, obsidian, chert, and beads, show that the people 

 were comparatively wealthy. There are three or more ruins in the 

 immediate vicinity, but they are of little importance. 



The S. U. ranch formerly belonged to Montague Stevens, esq., who 

 commendably discouraged the unscientific excavation of the ancient 

 habitations on his property. 



No. 112. Pueblo.— In the vicinity of Old Fort Tularosa, 7 miles 

 northeast of Joseph, are three small pueblos, one of them lying in 

 the fields on the southwest side of the river. The ruin of the old 

 fort, which was built in 1872-71 to hold in check the Apache, may 

 be traced on the south side of the river, near the Mexican village 

 called Aragon's Plaza or Tularosa. 



No. 113. Pueblo. — On the river bank three-fourths of a mile above 

 Aragon's plaza and to the north of the road below the cave (no. 114) 

 is a pueblo which lies along a rather steep ridge. (PL viii, d.) It 

 contains perhaps a dozen rooms 

 and was excavated a number of 

 pears ago by a Mexican who sold 

 his finds to speculators. 



No. 114. Care.— On the bluffs 

 about 180 yards north of the 

 river, three-fourths of a mile 

 above Old Fort Tularosa, is a 

 cave and shelter weathered in a 

 stratum of yellowish tufa capped 

 with breccia. (PI. ix, a.) A 

 row of houses formerly masked 

 the cave, and one room of the 

 series was excavated in the solid 

 tufa. These houses were flimsy 



and a number of them were destroyed by falls of rock from the face of 

 the overhanging cliff. 



The cave was filled with rubbish and the droppings of animals, 

 especially of the wild turkey, to the depth of 8 feet. Mummified 

 turkeys and whole eggs of this bird were found in the debris. Bones 

 of other animals were numerous, and the occurrence of bison remains 

 among them proved an interesting discovery. 5 The cave floor is 

 irregular, containing large rocks and pockets in its surface. The 

 section of the debris shows two beaten floor levels, the upper about 

 36 inches above the lower. (PI. ix, b.) Under both floors burials 

 were made, in all 5 individuals. The debris contained many sandals. 



" M. W. Lyon, jr., Mammal Remains from two Prehistoric Village Sites in New Mexico 

 and Arizona. Proceedings of United Stales National Museum, xxxi, 047-04'.), Washington, 

 1906. 



Fig. 43. Plan of cave at head of Tularosa valley. 



