38 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 192 



(south and west faces), 47-58 (south and west faces), and 46-58 

 (south face). Figui-e 5 is the actual profile along the south faces of 

 Squares 61-51 to 47-51, as exposed in a trench which passed through 

 the middle of House 8 and the southern edge of House Pit 1 (see map 

 7, a-e). Figure 6 shows both faces (f-f^ and g-g^) of Trench 53, which 

 ran through House Pit 1 and House 9. Figure 9 gives profiles of 

 Trench 33 through Mound C and into House Pit 7. 



The maximum depth of Mound B was 90 inches. However, in 

 areas where no pits had been dug into the underlying sterile sand, 

 the deposits were between 24 and 36 inches thick. The entire trash 

 mound was covered with a dense layer of moss, turf, and plants, 

 about 2 inches thick, which has not been recorded on the profiles. 

 The only stratum generally distributed over the mound is the black 

 midden layer with fire-cracked rocks (see Blk. RM below), which 

 occurs immediately under the turf. A similar black rocky layer was 

 found in the upper part of Mounds A and D. In the deeper sections 

 of Mound B, strata of shell midden are predominant. Most of the 

 layers are of sandy midden, ranging in color from tan or light gray to 

 brown and black, depending upon the amount of organic materials 

 contained. 



Because of the complex nature of the stratigraphy, owing in part 

 to the aboriginal digging and subsequent filling of pits, and to vari- 

 ations in the thickness of the various layers, the depths below the 

 surface at which artifacts were found do not necessarily indicate 

 their relative ages. Although horizontal and vertical position within 

 the square was recorded for each artifact found, a relative chronology 

 for these specimens had to be based upon their association with upper 

 (later) or with lower (earlier) strata of Mound B. In general, except 

 when specunens were found at the bottom of deep pits, there was a 

 tendency for artifacts to be concentrated in the upper layers. 



The following types of deposit were distinguished in excavating 

 Mound B, and similar materials were found in the other mounds. 



Black rocky midden (Blk. RM) composed of many thermal-fractured 

 rocks, charcoal fragments, and black stained sand. Larger rocks, 

 8 to 10 inches long, predominate. Mammal bone was scarce and so 

 poorly preserved that it resembled wet, mushy cardboard. 



Black sandy midden (Blk. SM) is medium-fine beach sand, stained 

 by decomposed organic material and considerable quantities of char- 

 coal. This usually contains some very fine fragments of shell, and 

 some fire-cracked rock. 



Gray sandy midden (OSM) is found in two distinct shades, light 

 gray (Lt. OSAI) and dark gray (Dk. OSM), but they are identical in 

 composition. These consist almost exclusively of medium-fine 

 beach sand, stained by organic material and charcoal, and often 



