116 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 192 



Bay, and Prince William Sound, and at various Tlingit sites in the 

 Angoon area (Heizer, 1956, pi. 35; Hrdlicka, 1944, fig. 141 ; de Laguna, 

 1934, p. 62; 1956, pp. 124 ff.; 1960, pp. 105 f.). The fine-grained 

 sandstone whetstones of the Copper River Eyak, used for sharpening 

 copper knives, and their bar whetstones for shaping spoons of moun- 

 tain goat horn (Bu'ket-Smith and de Laguna, 1938, pp. 75, 88 ff.) 

 were probably similar to the Yakutat bars of fine siitstone. Whet- 

 stones of this material are especially characteristic of the Tlingit 

 who designate them by a special word. The Yakutat natives believed 

 that to get siitstone caused bad weather (because they had to be 

 "stolen from the glacier"?). Drucker (1943, p. 57) notes that small 

 whetstones from the Northwest Coast "vary from neatly finished 

 flat, rectangular blocks to irregular shaped fragments with a central 

 depression produced by grinding. The former can be set off as a 

 well defined type, while the latter form a rather loose and hetero- 

 geneous group." 



PAINT 



There are 31 artifacts or unworked stones that have been used to 

 crush and mix red pigment, or are smeared with red ocher. These 

 include 1 hammerstone, 7 hammerstone-abraders, and 2 grinding 

 slabs, already mentioned, while the rest are unworked cobblestones 

 boulders, or slabs. The proveniences of these are: 22 from Old 

 Town III, of which 10 are associated with House Pit 1 or House 9; 

 5 from Old Town II; 1 from Old Town I; and 3 from Old Town II or 

 III. 



There are also 11 small lumps of red ocher (hematite), showing 

 marks of gouging or rubbing, which have obviously been used for 

 paint (pi. 17, cc-ee). Some of these were clay stones that had been 

 baked to increase theu- red color; others were simply natm-al hematite 

 lumps. Eight examples of red paint come from Old Town III, 

 two from Old Town II, and one from Shallow Water Town on Little 

 Lost River. 



According to the natives, red ocher was obtained from deposits 

 between Turner and Hubbard Glaciers at the head of Disenchant- 

 ment Bay. It was crushed and mixed with mountain goat tallow 

 and used to paint artifacts and to decorate the face. Face paint was 

 kept in a little skin bag and was applied with the fingers to make 

 lines and dots, or with a wooden stamp carved in the totemic crest of 

 the sib. 



Natives did not refer to the burning of iron oxides to increase their 

 redness, as was apparently practiced at Old Town and also by the 

 Angoon Tlingit (de Laguna, 1960, p. 104). The burning of clay to 

 make red paint was fairly common on the central and southern 



