538 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 175 



(3) When a suitable father substitute intervened, John Smith — still longing 

 for a father — maneuvered this father substitute into an effectively paternal 

 position, by suddenly ceasing to call him by his first name, and addressing him 

 instead in terms of formal respect. 



(4) The substitute father image responded to this tacit plea by providing 

 encouragement, by explicitly agreeing to function as a father substitute, and by 

 encouraging John Smith to identify himself with this substitute father image. 



(5) John Smith responded to this acquisition of a father substitute by: 

 (a) Ceasing to drink to excess. 



(6) Writing letters to his mother, his relatives, and his friends. 



(c) Substituting for alcoholic gratifications (of a passive-ingestive type) an 

 interest in work related to the preparation of food for others (active giving), and 

 also by indulging in a retroactive falsification of his real reactions to having had 

 to prepare much of his own food during his childhood. This process can, perhaps, 

 best be understood in terms of a process which Kris (1952) called "regression in 

 the service of the ego." 



John Smith's subsequent difficulties, arising from his reactions to his 

 principal father image's tragic death, are discussed in Case 64. 



The nexus between alcoholism, mourning, and suicidal thoughts 

 are also highlighted by Case 138. 



CASE 138 ( Informants Hivsu : Tupa :ma and Hama : Utce : ) : 



It is convenient to describe first the dramatis personae of this case history 

 before presenting the narrative proper. 



(«) Humar Tudhu :lye (hidden baby, i.e., "concealed pregnancy," or else 

 "child hidden from the Agency, so that it would not be taken away to go to 

 school"). Gens, Nyoltc. Race, fullblood Mohave. Sex, male. Age, at time of 

 events, about 36," "but looking only about 26 years old." Marital status, married, 

 then divorced. Children, none. Education, unknown. Occupation, probably a 

 farmer. Heavy drinker. Younger brother of (&) ; husband of (/) ; younger 

 uterine half brother of (c) ; half uncle of (d) ; younger uterine brother of (e). 



(6) Yavu:me (earth whiskers). Gens, Nyoltc. Race, fullblood Mohave. 

 Sex, male. Age at death, about 40. Marital status, married to the former 

 wife of (a). Children, one daughter. Education, unknown. Occupation, 

 probably farmer. Date of death, 1931 or 1932. Cause of death, run over by a 

 car. Heavy drinker. Older brother of (a) ; second husband of (/) ; younger 

 uterine half brother of (c) ; half uncle of (d) ; younger uterine brother of (e). 



(c) E. Gens. Po:ta. Race, fullblood Mohave. Sex, male. Father of {d) ; 

 brother of (e) ; older uterine brother of (o) and (6), both of whom assumed 

 his English family name. 



(d) S. Gens, Po :ta. Race, fullblood Mohave. Sex, male. Age at time of 

 events, 17. Son of (c) ; third husband of (/) ; nephew of (d) ; half nephew of 

 (a) and (&). 



(e) Po:ta. Genss, Po:tA. Race, fullblood Mohave. Sex, female. Sister of 

 (c) ; aunt of (d) ; older uterine half sister of (a) and (6). 



(/) Syuly. Gens, Syuly. Race, fullblood Mohave. Sex, female. Age at 

 time of events, about 26. Marital status, married in succession to (a), (&), (d) 

 and (fir). Children, one daughter by (6) and one by (g). 



(ff) Hilkayam Aa:u. Gens, Tcatc. Race, fullblood Mohave. Sex, male. 

 Age, 21. Marital status, fourth husband of (/) . 



Syuly (/) was married to Humar Tudhu :lye (a) for quite some time — per- 

 haps as long as 2 or 3 years. She ran away from him several times, allegedly 



