10 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 182 



writes of the Occauacbeans and the Nessoneicks (which I have already noted as 

 synonym for Nahissan) as living together on a branch of the Roanoke. 



165Jf-5G. — Lederer mentioned tlifit the English settlers fought a 

 battle with the Saponi leagued with the Iroquois in 1G54-56. He 

 positively identified the Saponi in 1670 when he stopped for a few 

 days at the village of Sapon. It seems, at this time, that the Saponi 

 and Tutelo were living together in a loose confederacy. In 1654—56 

 the Manahoac and Nahyssan were driven south by the Susquehanna. 

 These two tribes then attempted to settle in the vicinity of the Falls 

 on the James River. This alarmed the English settlers, who, with 

 their Indian allies, attempted to discourage this gi'oup from settling 

 there (Bushnell, 1930, p. 402). In the ensuing battle the English, 

 together with their allies, suffered defeat, and the nev/comers decided 

 to move west and settle among the Saponi where they were found by 

 Lederer in 1670. Batts and Fallam (Alvord and Bidgood, 1912), 

 visited them in 1671. In 1676, or thereabouts, these tribes were sup- 

 posed to have moved southeast to islands at the confluence of the Dan 

 and Roanoke Rivers. 



Lederer mentions the Akenatzy (Occaneechi) and their two-faced- 

 ness while visiting them in 1670. It was during his visit that six 

 strange Indians, treating for peace, met their death as they were 

 feasted by the treacherous Occaneechi. Lederer, astonislied by their 

 actions, began to fear for his life and escaped the island the following 

 day. 



In 1676 a portion of the Susquehanna (Conestoga), having been 

 driven from their home by a combined force of Iroquois and English 

 settlers of Maryland and Virginia, joined the Occaneechi. Not satis- 

 fied to settle peacefully on the island with the Occaneechi, the Sus- 

 quehanna tried to dispose of their benefactors; this resulted in the 

 Susquehanna's being driven out. In the meantime Thomas Bacon and 

 his followers, hot on the trail of the marauding Susquehanna, made 

 contact Avith them at Occaneechi Island (Wise, 1911). The Occa- 

 neechi then joined forces with the English and the two proceeded to 

 Avliip the ungrateful Susquehanna. The English, ever covetous, then 

 tried to loot their allies of their valuable furs which they had seen 

 earlier in the day. Another skirmish followed that resulted in a draw 

 on both sides : the English M-ere unable to take the palisaded town ; the 

 Occaneechi lost 50 warriors, which was quite a blow to them. 



Shortly after this struggle the Occaneechi were joined by rem- 

 nants of the Saponi, Tutelo, Nahyssan, and Manahoac. Supposedly 

 the Saponi were to have settled on the lower island in the series of 

 islands at the confluence of the Dan and Roanoke Rivers; the other 

 groups were to have settled on the upper island, while the Occaneechi 

 occupied the middle island. Their combined strength did them little 



