pip. ^0.' 2?r JOHN H. KERR RESERVOIR BASIN — MILLER 53 



Indian" ? That range has been stretched and stretched until it will accommodate 

 the bones of any New World Homo sapiens. [Sauer, 1944, pp. 538-539.] 



In order to bring the Cochise culture up to date, Sayles and Antevs 

 have been carrying on for the past three years, a review of the work 

 first done by them and of the new data obtained by them and others. 

 The completed study is not yet finished but it can now be said : the 

 original sequence of stages and their geological associations have been 

 confirmed ; radiocarbon dates have essentially supported the original 

 geological dating; new data have confirmed the long duration of the 

 different stages which can be defined more minutely. 



The Cochise culture still represents a basically gathering economy, but one in 

 which hunting is now found to be more important in some stages than was first 

 recognized. Projectile points have now been identified, as a result of further 

 excavation at the Double Adobe site, with the Sulphur Springs stage, the oldest 

 of the Cochise culture. These are leaf-shaped types fashioned from fiakes, as 

 well as stemmed and barbed types. The exact relationship of the Cochise culture 

 to other cultures is yet to be determined, but the present study is expected to add 

 much pertinent information. I Sayles and Antevs, 1955, p. 311.] 



Hibben's report (1951) of other Cochise sites in the middle Eio 

 Grande Valley of New Mexico has carried the culture farther to the 

 east. Associated with typical milling stones (metates) and handstones 

 (manos) are a number of nondescript chipped-stone artifacts, together 

 with hearth areas, bones of extinct fauna, and charcoal, among which 

 were recognized "pine, box elder, walnut, and cottonwood or poplar" 

 (Hibben, 1951, p. 45). This does not give us any varieties of trees 

 not growing m the area at the present time. Whether carbon-dating 

 methods have been brought to bear upon these finds has not been 

 noted. 



Krieger (1951, p. 78) reported on an early bone industry, in which 

 he said : 



In the summer of 1949, excavations of the Texas Memorial Museum at the 

 Clovis site in New Mexico revealed several crudely pointed and beveled bone 

 tools. These were found at different depths within the lowest cultural stratum, 

 which also contained numerous remains of elephants, and, near its top, two 

 Clovis Fluted points. Recently, the assistant editor for early man has re- 

 examined other occurrences of bone and ivory implements found in proved or 

 probable association with extinct Pleistocene fauna. Thus, the controversial 

 bones found with a rich Pleistocene fauna in Potter Creek cave, California, 

 in 1904, include eight or ten beveled bones and tubes, but were not accompanied 

 by stone artifacts of any kind. Crudely pointed and beveled bone splinters, and 

 one stone scraper, have been recovered from the very rich late Pleistocene fossil 

 bed at Tequizquiac in central Mexico. Other bone tools and beveled pins or 

 "harpoon points" have been reported from Oregon, Nevada, New Mexico, Mani- 

 toba, Florida, etc., in circumstances suggesting some part of the Wisconsin 

 glacial age. Hence, an ancient and widespread "bone industry" may be emerging 

 but its relation to the earliest stone artifacts of America is not at all clear. 



Between Gladwin's ancient nonprojectile and nonblademaking cul- 

 tures and those of the Sandia, Clovis, Folsom, and Eden (Yuma) 



