pip. Na" 2?]'"' JOHN H. KERR RESERVOIR BASIN — MILLER 59 



true of the smaller and better made tools. Finally, pressure flaking 

 was used not only to trim but to sharpen some of the edges. This 

 tecluiique accounts not only for the thinner, finer flakes but could be 

 relied upon for some of the larger, coarser chipping which was used 

 to smooth and thin down the faces of a nimiber of the artifacts. The 

 combination of these two teclmiques is not always predictable in the 

 various types of artifacts. Percussion was used mostly to cast off 

 the initial flake from unprepared cores. These flakes vary as to size 

 and shape. From these primai-y flakes the various types of artifacts 

 were manufactured. A fairly large number of unretouched flakes 

 were used as cutting tools and quickly discarded once their cutting 

 edges were dulled. Hundreds of chert chips along with smaller quan- 

 tities of rhyolite, milky quartz, quartzite, chalcedony, and quartz 

 crystal all attest to their choice of stone. 



Projectile points of various sizes, shapes, and descriptions; and 

 scrapers, side scrapers, thumb-nail scrapers, drills, gravers, choppers, 

 and knives are represented in the collection. No animal bones were 

 present in the deposit and only rarely were small fragments of 

 Elliptio sp. noted. If organic materials were ever present in the de- 

 posit, all traces of this nature have disappeared. 



A variety of blades were fashioned from large flakes and it is im- 

 possible to identify them as knives, choppers, scrapers, or a very crude 

 type of projectile point. Percussion chipping was used only on one 

 face creating an asymmetrical tool having a point or tip at one end 

 and a straight or excurvate base at the other, the greatest width 

 occurring about one-third the distance above the base. Most of these 

 implements were made of chert and only a few were made of quartzite. 

 Some were further finished by smaller secondary percussion chipping 

 along one or more edges, while in other instances the edges were given 

 a serrated or sinuous effect. 



McCary (1946, 1947 a, 1947 b, 1947 c, 1948 a, 1948 b, 1949 a, 1949 b, 

 1949 c, 1950, 1951 a and b, 1952) brought out a series of articles in 

 w^iich he enumerated a number of fluted points from various sections 

 of Virginia and North Carolina. In 1951 he reported on an Early 

 Man site, the Williamson site, in Dinwiddle County, Va., describing 

 the lithic assemblage. 



The following year, John Witthoft (1952) reported on another 

 Paleo-American site, the Shoop site, in Pennsylvania. He described 

 the site as follows : 



If the site itself was any thinner, it would not be a site. Eleven very slightly 

 elevated areas on the flat hilltop, often more than a hundred feet apart, and 

 generally less than thirty feet in diameter, usually yield about a half-dozen 

 chips of all sorts, and one or two artifacts after each cultivation. . . . This 

 spotty distribution of material seems to represent the original nature of the 

 site, and probably each spot represents a different camp or a separate hearth 

 within a camp. ... It is my opinion that this land surface has changed little in 



