Pap. ^o.' 2^5"/' JOHN H. KERR RESERVOIR BASIN — ^MILLER 73 



down one or both edges, while others resemble upper paleolithic core 

 scrapers of the Old World. In addition to the usual oblique- front type, 

 there are those that do not display this characteristic so markedly. 

 The former are characterized by a straight working edge, while in 

 the latter the working edge has a tendency to be either rounded or 

 ogival. Scrapers of this type have been initially formed by a number 

 of large percussion flakes, shallow in trough, running toward a flat- 

 tened or deliberately rounded-off dome. These large flakes have been 

 well controlled. On some specimens the ventral surfaces bear only an 

 occasional chipping scar which is very shallow and only intrudes for 

 a short distance from the edge. Usually this feature is absent. This 

 tool suggests an implement that was used whenever an all-round 

 scraping edge was desired. 



Bound scrapers (pi. 20, c, g, h) occur on moderately thick, nearly 

 circular flakes or on purposely chipped circular flakes. As a rule, the 

 edges are retouched with fine chipping, but occasionally some occur 

 with only a part of their circumference so treated. Scrapers of this 

 type have been initially formed by a number of large percussion flakes, 

 shallow in trough, running toward a flattened or deliberately rounded- 

 off dome. These large flakes have been well controlled. On some of 

 the specimens the ventral surfaces bear only an occasional chipping 

 scar, which is very shallow and only intrudes for a short distance from 

 the edge. Usually this feature is absent. This tool suggests an 

 implement that was used whenever an all-round scraping edge was 

 desired. This group, though small, contains some very good specimens. 

 All are made of chert. 



Ovate scrapers (pi. 23, a, h; fig, 6, g) are ventrally flat and dorsally 

 keeled. There is percussion flaking along their dorsal edges tending 

 toward a flattened rounded keel and retouching around three-fourths 

 of their circumference, leaving only one-fourth untouched by finer 

 chipping. Widths range from 32 mm. to 39 mm. and thickness varies 

 from 6 mm. to Y mm. 



Keeled scrapers (pi. 24, &, <^, e, // fig. 6, 1) are made from tliick flakes 

 whose ventral surfaces may be either concave or flat and whose dorsal 

 surfaces may terminate in either a sharp or steep keel formed by a 

 fairly uniform placement of percussion flakes terminating near a cen- 

 tral peak or keel. Percussion flakes start at the lower edge and extend 

 upward toward the central cone. Along the working edge a num- 

 ber of secondary flakes have been cast off giving the object a steeper 

 beveled surface. After this a third set of chips, much finer and 

 smaller, was made to even the cutting edge somewhat and to give 

 a keener blade. With their smooth bulbar faces and their steeply 

 rising sides they have an apparent adaptability to skin fleshing. 

 Whether this was their primary purpose cannot be determined, for 

 they could just as easily have served as woodworking tools where a 



