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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



[Bull. 182 



INCHES 

 Figure 10. — Gravers and spoke shaves. 



by pressure flaking, forming an acute long-tapering beveled cutting 

 tool. Also occurring are smaller knives (fig. 12), which have been 

 carelessly retouched, forming cruder artifacts not only as to cutting 

 edge but also as to outline. Both types of knives show that they 

 were put to use. It is speculated that the larger knives were prob- 

 ably used in skinning and cutting up the carcasses of large anhnals, 

 while the smaller ones are much too delicate for this heavy type of 

 work. 



A number of broad, leaf-shaped, bifaced blades with rather blunt 

 points and broad convex bases are included in the assemblage. Work- 

 manship is not of the best, but they are definitely intended as finished 

 tools. Such tools were made by casting off large flakes to give the 

 general shape to the implement, and some were furtlier retouched 

 to add keenness to the edge, but the latter are in tlie minority. 



Hand axes^ of the true core type (fig. 13), formed by the intersec- 

 tion of transversely struck (tranchet) flakes along both faces accom- 

 panied by smaller retouched flakes to produce a cutting edge, resemble 

 in technique and outline similar objects from the Chellean and Mous- 

 terian of Europe {see Moir, 1927, fig. 36, p. 89), but there is no cor- 

 responding parallelism as to time in the Virginia specimens. 



