Pap. N^o^" 2^5"/' JOHN H. KERR RESERVOIR BASIN — MILLER 91 



They are of a size that easily fits into the hand with a certain degree of 

 comfort. Some show battering at one or both ends, the degree of bat- 

 tering depending upon the amount of its use, or the arduousness 

 of the user. A number of tliem show that the original surface was 

 further altered by pecking, a treatment which was not confined to any 

 special portion of the surface. None of the surfaces were badly bat- 

 tered, and whether tools of this type were used simply to crush 

 "green" bones, which are much softer and more elastic than stone sur- 

 faces, can only be conjectured. Other hammerstones were not only 

 pecked into shape but display a number of faceted surfaces which are 

 higlily suggestive of having been abraided like a mano. Some of the 

 hammerstones contain small pits on one large surface, or opposing pits. 



Some of the hammerstones show that they were used to knock off 

 flakes from rough cores or from other rocks. Hammerstones of this 

 type are much larger, as a rule, than the average ones, and were made 

 from stones that are harder than those usually used. Hardheads 

 from streambeds were usually chosen for this task. 



A single, roughly lunate-shaped, jasper flake, 51 mm. long, 20 mm. 

 wide, and 5 mm. thick, was bif acially chipped along its leading edges 

 and aromid both tips. Most of the chips, irregularly disposed around 

 the edges, were first struck off by means of percussion and the edges re- 

 touched by pressure chipping. An irregular edge was created. Sim- 

 ilar objects have been reported from Early Man deposits in the Old 

 World. Garrod (1937, p. 81) mentions a similar technique used in 

 some of the Audi and Chatelperron points. 



A number of flakes w^ere notched to form spoke shaves (see p. 81, pi. 

 28) . The size of the concavity was not standardized but varied both as 

 to breadth and depth. The working edge received pressure chipping 

 from only one side, creating a steeply abrupt bevel atop a sharp cut- 

 ting edge. The notches occur irregularly around the margins of 

 flakes. Similar tools were reported not only from the Folsom level of 

 the Lindenmeier site but from the Folsom level in Sandia Cave. 



Early Man utilized large numbers of sharp-edged flakes as cutting 

 tools as they were struck off from cores. None of the edges were 

 actually "worked," but all display minute chipping scars brought 

 about by use. Tools of this type were considered as temporary cutting 

 instruments and quickly discarded when the edge became too dull for 

 the purpose at hand. This reutilizing of flakes seems to be diagnostic 

 of the early lithic periods. 



LARGE-STONE INDUSTRY 



Next to be considered are artifacts assigned to the large-stone in- 

 dustry. In this class are a number of so-called "hand-axes," "coup- 

 de-poings," or "cleavers" (pis. 34, 35, 36, 37). For this discussion 



