92 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 182 



they will be called hand axes. The largest of the lot (pis. 34, a^f; 37, 

 a) is a very fine-grained composite, silicificd, sandstone specimen that 

 measures 191 mm. in length, 106 mm. in maximum width, which is just 

 about where the sides of the blade change direction to form the cutting 

 blade. It is 34 mm. in thickness, which occurs about one-third of the 

 distance up from the tip of the blade. This specimen was formed by 

 percussion chipping in which large, broad flakes were cast off over 

 most of the surface and smaller and shallower flakes formed the cut- 

 ting surface. 



Slightly smaller in size is a chert specimen (pi. 35, a) lenticulate in 

 outline, with chipping scars fairly large and so spaced as to indicate 

 that the maker was in complete control of his technique and under- 

 stood the qualities of the material. At the present time the tip is 

 missing as a result of recent farming activities over the site of the 

 find. The surface of the specimen is completely altered by patination, 

 which has changed the original color of bluish gray to a grayish wliite. 

 Overall measurements are 169 mm. in length, 70 mm. in greatest width, 

 and 20 mm. in maximum thickness. Accounting for the missing por- 

 tion, the specimen in its original state must have measured around 190 

 mm. in length. It was made from an especially hard type of chert, 

 for when the specimen is struck a sharp blow it resounds with a high 

 note like a bar from a xylophone. 



A few notched axes of quartzite and rhyolite, which are convex in 

 outline and wedge-shaped in cross section (pi. 38), are in the collec- 

 tion. These were shaped by percussion, forming cutting surfaces at 

 either end. Some have only one cutting edge opposed by a butt end, 

 while the usual ones have two cutting blades. 



The most cormnon chipped artifact is the projectile point (pis. 39, 

 40, 41, 42) . There is such a diversity of form that I hesitate to identi- 

 fy specific points with known types. Specimens have been recovered 

 from the surface, the humus layer, as well as in context within cul- 

 tural zones. All of the points have been examined for variations 

 that might indicate a potential time differential. 



It has been taken for granted that the heavier and larger points, 

 as well as those of medium size, are either dart points or knives, while 

 the smaller, lighter, stemmed varieties are designated as arrow points. 

 This in itself indicates a certain time differential, for it is known that 

 darts were used with the atlatl much earlier and long before the intro- 

 duction of the bow and arrow. 



Many of the points display numerous shapes with modifying dif- 

 ferences (pis. 43, 44, 45, 46). The greatest number of points were 

 made of chert. In descending numbers we find that rhyolite came 

 next, followed by quartz, quartz crystal, quartzite, gray chalcedony, 

 and flint the veiy last. Practically all of the chert and rhyolite forms 

 are substantially patinated, and in a number of instances the surface 



