pip. nT2IY' JOHN H. KERR RESERVOIR BASIN — ^MILLER 99 



typically extend the entire length, or almost the entire length, with 

 the sides fairly parallel converging abruptly to a somewhat stubby 

 tip, while the base, deeply concave with prominent ears extending 

 backward, contains the typical raised "strildng platform" in the 

 center of the basal concavity. Usually the blade receives secondary 

 chipping along the upper sides and tip, while the lower portion of 

 the sides and base have been abraided. Several clear quartz points 

 of this type have been recovered from surface indications in Meck- 

 lenburg County, Va. 



Gladwin (1947, pp. 97-98) noted that the most important aspect 

 of the Folsom culture was the quality of their chipping techniques 

 in which the delicacy and accuracy of the flaking suggests a rela- 

 tionship to the better known Solutrean industry of western Europe, 

 even though these standards were not always maintained. Most of 

 the recorded classic points, with characteristic fluted channels and 

 finely flaked edges, came from Colorado and Eastern New Mexico, 

 with a few reported from Alaska, Saskatchewan, and from the Rockies 

 to New England, with a marked concentration along the Ohio, Mis- 

 souri, upper Mississippi, and the river systems of south-central Vir- 

 ginia. Poor examples, which would probably not be acknowledged 

 by a Folsom chipper, have been picked up in California, Arizona, and 

 Texas. 



Folsom men were primarily hunters of bison, but they, too, were 

 not adverse to killing horse or camel. 



Throughout a large part of the area where Folsom points have been found, 

 there are also beautifully flaked points — called Yuma [Eden] — which lacked 

 the fluted grooves of Folsom but are even more typically Solutrean in deli- 

 cacy and regularity of their flaking. Judging by the character of the chipping 

 and the coextension of the two types, it looks as if both were products of 

 the same people, and the differences between them could be explained either 

 as their having been made to serve different purposes, or possibly, stages of 

 development. If there was a difference in time it is probable that the more 

 highly specialized Folsom evolved out of Yuma than vice versa. In any case, 

 the Solutrean quality of the flaking and the fact that the Solutrean industry in 

 Europe has been dated at 15,000 B.C. suggest very vaguely the time of the 

 arrival of this second migration. 



Several rather important facts are brought out by the distribution of the 

 typical Folsom and Yuma flint tools, such as the people who made them were 

 not the first to reach North America. With unmistakeable traces in Alaska, 

 Saskatchewan, western Nebraska, Colorado, and eastern New Mexico, it is 

 clear that they moved southward through the western plains until they reached 

 northern Texas, but the relative scarcity of true Folsom sites indicates that 

 the initial vanguard of this migration consisted of only a small number of 

 people, [Gladwin, 1947, p. 98.] 



Scottsblu-ff and Eden chipping techniques are very much in evidence. 

 The Scottsbluff technique consists of diagonal chipping from either 

 edge terminating in a slight central ridge running from about the 

 base of the point to the approximate tip. The Eden technique re- 



