106 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 182 



Flaking, as stated above, is in the form of fine, well-controlled trans- 

 verse chipping which meets along a median line, giving to the blade 

 a lens-shaped cross section. 



Chert (87.6 percent) , quartz (14.3 percent), qiiartzite (4.8 percent), 

 and jasper (2.4 percent) have all been used in the manufacture of these 

 blades. Some are much thicker in cross section than others, but these 

 are not usually thought of as being thick blades. 



Either growing out of this form or leading into this blade shape 

 are a number of rough diamond-shaped blades that still retain the 

 characteristic stem, while the blade is much stubbier and shorter, 

 usually about the same length as the peduncle itself, or shorter. It 

 is now suggested that this form be termed the '■''Jeff res foint!''' 



Closely resembling these forms is another group {Skipwlth point) 

 whose receding stem terminates squarely across rather than in a blunt 

 tip. In all other respects it is a "dead ringer" for the Gypsimi Cave 

 form in that the stem is blmited and receding from well-defined, 

 shouldered, transverse-chipped triangular blade, which is lenticular 

 in cross section. 



Another variant has been called ''''Gary Stemmed'''' by Newell and 

 Krieger (1949, pp. 164-165) and is much too inclusive to constitute a 

 type. As they stated : 



It includes many variations in size, workmanship, and stem and blade form, 

 but in general is a heavy point with the stem contracting to a sharp or rounded 

 tip. If and when projectile points in the Eastern United States are ever worked 

 out into valid historical types (as contrasted with present haphazard classifica- 

 tions) "Gary Stemmed" may be broken down into several types, or at least into 

 local specializations, within a very broad type. 



Within their classification the predominating features are the stem 

 with its contracting sharpened or pointed tip. This type was form- 

 erly called the Gary Contracting Stem but it now appears that the 

 stem can vary toward parallel sided, particularly when the materials 

 are difficult to chip, and so the defining term "contractmg" has been 

 dropped from the type name. 



Gary Stemmed points have a tremendously widespread range as 

 they 



are common in the archaic or preceramic cultures of the Eastern United States 

 and continued into early pottery cultures such as Woodland, and others which 

 may be included in a horizon roughly equivalent to early Woodland. They dis- 

 appear before full Mississippian horizons are reached, or possibly continue into 

 them as a minor type after small light "arrow" points become common. All this 

 requires considerable work before definite statements are possible. [Newell and 

 Krieger, IJ^IO, p. 165.] 



The writer, too, believes that because of inadequate data much more 

 work should be done before any definite statement or statements can 

 be made about their true cultural range or associations. Kather than 



