\22 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 182 



Side-notched triangular blades are few ; some have straight sides, 

 while others have slightly convex sides. Bases may vary from straight 

 to concave, while the notches are never very deep but rather wide. 

 Practically all have been j^ressure chipped in that well controlled chip- 

 ping scars are present. Chipping was performed from alternate sides, 

 forming a medial ridge which may be either high or relatively low. 

 In either case the tips are sharp and well formed, and a certain degree 

 of basal thinning is present. Secondary retouching is practically 

 nonexistent. 



QUARTZ INDUSTRY 



Quartz crystals were utilized fairly early by some of the first occu- 

 pants of the basin and immediate vicinity. A number of fluted points 

 made of this material have been recovered and reported. Quartz and 

 quartzite, as a rule, were not widely used until fairly late in the Archaic 

 and continued in use as supplementary material up to the advent of 

 the white man. 



Among the quartz and quartzite forms were some of the usual late 

 Archaic as well as most of the Woodland types. It is surprising the 

 degree of skill these aborigines developed in working this very 

 refractory material, since it does not break on true fracture cleavage 

 planes. 



Not all of the sites investigated made use of quartz in the manufac- 

 ture of projectile points, but we noted that chunks of this material 

 were used as hammerstones, and occasionally broken bits of it were 

 found scattered throughout the site or sites. Usually, hammerstones 

 were natural hardheads or nodules picked up from some streambed. 

 They were of a size that fitted easily into the hand. When used for 

 this purpose these nodules could take severe blows without bemg shat- 

 tered or suffering too many ill effects. 



Milky quartz blades and scraper forms probably first appeared 

 during the Transitional and Early Woodland Horizons and persisted, 

 along with the various chert forms, throughout the occupational span. 



A single unusual quartzite tool of comparable shape to one illus- 

 trated by Moir (1927, p. 95, fig. 38, d) and termed a '■''plane''' was 

 found at site 44Mc66. This particular tool was made from an irregu- 

 larly shaped flake whose three sides were bilaterally flaked, leaving 

 the fourth side and the basal edge untouched. None of the working 

 edges have a straight outline. All have varying degrees of curves in 

 order to accommodate whatever type of surface is to be treated. A 

 large prepared tip is present; whether it represents a type of graver 

 \ o be used to make grooves or a perforator to make holes is not known. 

 Judging from its primitive form, implements of this type could have 

 served a number of purposes; rather than being fastened to a haft of 

 wood or some similar material, they probably were grasped m the 

 hand while in use. 



