138 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 182 



cultural period was enriched with this new art. This is truly a transi- 

 tional period, one in which there was a gradual changeover from a 

 noiipotterymaking seminomadic culture into one that made pottery 

 and moved about less. 



The earliest type pottery to be made in the basin area was manu- 

 factured by means of the coiling method. A very homogeneous clay, 

 tempered with very fine particles of sand and characterized by being 

 thin walled and conoidal based, was used. The shapes were confined 

 mostly to jars having plain exteriors, evenly and intensively fired in 

 an oxidizing atmosphere, which resulted in a light buff or a light 

 brick-red color, and only rarely are fire clouds present. 



Following closely upon this ware is a second having all of these 

 same characteristics with the addition of one other, viz, the exterior 

 was treated with either "cord- wrapped stick" or "fabric-marked" im- 

 pressions. In reality, this is a form of textile-impression that has been 

 termed "fabric-marked" in the present report. 



Associated with these two wares is a third, which was impressed 

 on the exterior with a wide-meshed knotted net. It was found pri- 

 marily at the llyco River site, 44Ha7, and only a comparatively few 

 sherds were recovered. This fact would appear to indicate that this 

 ware was either short lived or was one being introduced into the area 

 from some outside source or sources. 



All three of these wares have been assigned to the Early Woodland 

 Horizon of the Ilyco Series. 



The Hyco Series was brought to a sudden and complete end during 

 the early part of the Middle Woodland and a new type was introduced 

 with the following characteristics : thin walled though much thicker 

 than formerly, a homogeneous paste tempered with much larger par- 

 ticles of sand, evenly fired to black or the dark grays in color as a re- 

 sult of the reducing method of firing, and not as carefully finished. 

 This forms the basic type of the Clarksville Series. 



BIN.OMIAI. SYSTEM OF TYPE NOMENCLATURE 



All of the pottery types, as set up, are defined according to the Field 

 Conference Procedures held in Birmingham, Ala., in 1938. Since the 

 exterior surface treatments are more sensitive to cultural changes they 

 have been taken as the diagnostic constant and called the descriptive 

 term. This term, linked with some local name, constitutes our process 

 of naming types, e.g., Hyco Cord-Marked, Hyco Cord-Wrapped Pad- 

 dled, etc. 



VESSEL SHAPES 



The significant characteristic of the group is that only very simple 

 shapes occurred, which are confined to the ubiquitous olla, a deep- 

 bodied jar-bowl, and a small hemispherical bowl surmounted above a 



