152 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 182 



claims that the first belongs to a cultural categoiy as distinguished 

 from the empirical category of the second. In the former- 

 more interpretation is called for, not less! Therefore, it behooves the 

 archeologist not to maintain the untenable position of "sticking to the facts" 

 meaning the renunciation of inference, hypothesis, and testing. It is incum- 

 bent upon him to derive his observational data as objectively as possible, 

 to differentiate between the observed fact and derived inference, to make ex- 

 plicitly labeled interpretations of as detailed and full a nature as possible and 

 then to look, either in the ground or among the data at hand, for evidence by 

 which his hypothesis may be tested. 



This has been ably illustrated by Phillips, Ford, and Grifim (1951, 

 pp. 61-62) in their typological studies. They stated that once 

 "names" get into print they no longer serve as "tools" but to all 

 practical sense and purpose they lose their value. Krieger (1944), 

 Kouse (1939), Kluckholm (1939), and others have written on the 

 concept of typology, but "the underlying concepts and assumptions 

 of this classification system, as applied to the Southeast, have not 

 been explicity stated, although the methodology has been described 

 by Krieger." 



Wliether single or multiple factors were entailed as the concept of 

 pottery making was added to an epineolithic base, as first introduced 

 into the Southeast or the Middle Atlantic province, is irrelevant at 

 this point. Once the idea took hold, the techniques of manufacture, 

 shaping, treating the various surfaces, and decoration gradually un- 

 derwent certain changes during time and space as new concepts and 

 contacts were introduced from outside the area. These brought about 

 certain stylistic changes or types, which deviated but little from the 

 ethnographic cultural norm of the particular time and place; thus 

 what is known as a "pottery complex" was established within its 

 continuum. This cultural norm was never static but underwent cer- 

 tain gradual changes, mainly m exterior surface treatment. 



CLARKSVILLE SERIES 



The Clarksville Series constitutes a definite ceramic continuum. 

 Manufactured either by the coil or annual ring methods, the paste con- 

 sists of moderately sized sand particles as tempering, resulting in a 

 somewhat contorted paste. The ware was fired in an oxido-reducing 

 atmosphere which, because poorly controlled, resulted either in a gray, 

 brown, or black color or in a combination of these colors with some 

 smudging from fire-clouds. Its distinctive vessel form and rims (fig. 

 23) are regularly assigned to the Middle and Late "Woodland cultures. 

 These date somewhere between A.D. 500 and 1450. 



The various surface treatments employed during this period re- 

 semble, in a general way, the Dan River Series of Coe (Ms. 1953, pi. 



