pip'. nJ)!' 25"/' JOHN H. KERR RESERVOIR BASIN — ^MILLER 225 



tributed to the endemic Woodland culture, these features constitute an 

 assemblage of traits which clearly distinguish this culture as an af- 

 filiate with a northern rather than with a southern cultural entity. 

 All vessels are sand tempered. The earliest paste is composed of finely 

 divided sand particles not much larger than those of the clay itself. 

 This paste type gave way to one using increased quantities of a 

 slightly larger sand grain. Occasional particles of grit or gravel 

 occurred but at no time were these numerous. 



The number of pottery types and surface elements appear as a 

 corollary to the northern forms. Basal type is conoidal or subconoidal. 

 Design elements when they appear are usually confined to the neck 

 or shoulder area. During the initial stage of manufacture the ex- 

 terior of the vessel was malleated with a cord-wrapped paddle or 

 impressed with a fabric. This treatment was covered during the 

 terminal phase with a textile-impressed stage. Handles, which were 

 just beginning to appear when the site was being abandoned, occur 

 in the form of vertical lugs or crude loops which were placed flush 

 with the rim or just below the rim. In every instance the lugs were 

 pierced for the purpose of receiving some sort of fiber for suspension. 

 Handles occur only on the smaller jars with almost vertical sides. 



Bowls, with the exception of one aberrant flat-based form, are hemi- 

 spherical, wide-mouthed, and flare-sided with either a conoidal or 

 subconoidal base common to many of the Woodland vessels of the 

 Northeast. Counter to the predominating use of the curved paddle 

 in the Southeast, we found no evidence of the use of prepared paddle 

 designs within the entire basin area. This fact completely divorces 

 this section of the East from the Southeastern influences. 



As indicated, the peoples of the John H. Kerr Reservoir Basin 

 had a definite cultural connection with the overall endemic Woodland 

 cultural tradition of the probable Algonquian to the North and the 

 Northeast which permeated the area during early Woodland times. 

 This intrusion came in contact with the influences of the South and 

 Southeast somewhere in the vicinity of the Yadkin River drainage, 

 where it rebounded upon itself, bringing about a greater refinement 

 than is reflected in the cultures to the Northeast. 



TRAIT LIST OF SITE 4 4 MCI 4 



The following list of traits for the Clarksville site (44Mcl4) has 

 been prepared from the present excavation. An attempt has been 

 made to arrange these traits in a functional order as outlined by 

 Fairbanks, 1942, pp. 228-229. 



Subsistence activity : 

 Collecting Complex: 



Collecting mussels, snails, and other shellfish 

 Collecting wild nuts and grass seeds 



