Pap. ?fo!" 2IY' JO^™^ ^- KERR RESERVOIR BASIN — MILLER 249 



Some digging tools (pi. 87, a, 5) were shaped by percussion chipping, 

 wliile others were just natural forms of stone. Usually these are el- 

 liptical in outline with the broadest section serving as the blades. 

 Practically all are oval in cross section and are of either granite or 

 slate. The working edge is not ground intentionally, but there is a 

 slight amount of polishing which has resulted from actual use. 



Hammerstones are present in various shapes. Some are just com- 

 mon waterworn stones or hardheads of a type which can easily be 

 picked up at random along the river's edge. These usually display a 

 number of battered surfaces. In no instance was the original 

 stone altered in shape through abrasion or chipping. Next are 

 the flat stones with slight cup-shaped depressions on one or both sides. 

 Such stones may be either round in outline or irregular in shape. 



Nutting stones (cupstones, anvil stones) are usually flat and have 

 one or more shallow cup-shaped depressions on either one or two 

 sides. 



Stone halls, varying in diameter from 3.0 cm. to 5.0 cm., are either 

 naturally worn hard heads or they were pecked into this shape. None 

 of them are highly polished. They may have fimctioned as bolas but 

 it is considered best to state that their functions are problematical. 



Slate appears to be one of the choice types of stones utilized by the 

 aborigines of this site. We found thin sections, notched along one or 

 more edges, which may have functioned as saws. Other sections were 

 made into pendants, while still others functioned as digging blades. 



Stone saivs were either fine or coarse toothed. Other slate objects are 

 shown on this same plate. None of them display the typical groove or 

 grooves attributed to grinding stones. 



A unique banded slate gorget was found in this site (pi. 90). It 

 is roughly diamond shaped in outline and unperf orated. Whether 

 it was destined to be perforated later can only be surmised. Plate 90, 

 g, shows to a certain extent the technique used to fashion objects such 

 as this. The crude chipping scars outlining the gorget plainly show 

 that percussion was first used to cast off the rough unwanted portions 

 of the stone to outline the desired object. Plate 90, /, shows that the 

 rough edges have been greatly ground down almost obliterating all 

 traces of percussion and that the general outline has been refined. 

 Plate 90, i, shows a fragment of a narrower, diamond-shaped gorget, 

 while h indicates the blunt tip of another bar-shaped gorget. 



OBJECTS OF BONE, ANTLER, AND TURTLE SHELL 



While raw bone material was rather plentiful, the Indian made 

 very little use of this medium in the manufacture of artifacts. We did 

 find that they used splinters of bones which were altered sufficiently 

 to function as drills. Only the barest of work was performed on the 

 bone to convert the splinters into awls or drills. We found that they 



