pip. NT2IT' JOHN H. KERR RESERVOIR BASIN — MILLER 251 



pace occurred in direct association with various burials. These did 

 not servo as containers either and were probably used to indicate 

 totemic affiliations. We found a number of fragments of Tervapene 

 Carolina and Terrapene hauri carapace in the midden. This would 

 indicate that both of these animals were used as articles of diet. 



OBJECTS ATTRIBUTED TO THE WHITE MAN 



Superimposed over the Indian remains or inserted within their 

 cultural deposits were various objects attributed to the white man's 

 culture (pi. 90, a-e). These can be roughly subdivided into four 

 main categories: (1) those made of iron, (2) those made of brass, (3) 

 those made of glass, and (4) those made of clay. 



Among the iron objects are various types of iron knives, square- 

 cut nails of various thickness and lengths, bars which show that they 

 were either hooks of some sort or were portions of discarded tools, 

 rods, horseshoes, sections of chain, staples, buckles of various types, 

 padlocks, spoons, wire nails of various sizes, kettle fragments, and a 

 fragment of fire tongs. None are especially diagnostic of a definite 

 time limit but they do indicate a certain passage of time through a 

 change in nail tradition, change in padlock style and type, and the 

 type of buckles used on horse's harness. 



The brass objects are much more interesting and give us some indi- 

 cation of a time relationship. Among the brass objects recovered are 

 base plates for drawer pulls, shoe buckles, trouser or knee buckles 

 (pi. 90, a, &), thimbles (pi. 90, c), straight pins, buttons of the disk 

 typo with a welded iron loop for attachment, and the basal portion of a 

 kerosene lampwick holder. The latter was part of a wick assemblage 

 of the type universal in homes around 1860 or thereafter. The 

 presence of both the brass shoe and knee buckles would indicate a date 

 between 1780 and 1800, since shortly thereafter the fad of wearing 

 buckles in these positions became passe. 



Among the glass fragments we were able to identify the following: 

 kerosene lamp chimneys of the heavier type, medicine bottles, rum 

 bottles, spirit bottles, Alka seltzer bottles, basal portion of what might 

 have been a drinking glass or a similar container, window panes of 

 varying thicknesses, and even a Coca-Cola bottle fragment or two. 



A number of pearl buttons were recovered. Most of them are of 

 the four-hole variety and measure roughly 1.1 cm. in diameter. A 

 single large button, 2.4 cm. in diameter, was included in this lot. This 

 particular button was cut from a shell with the crude outer portion 

 of the natural shell still on the reverse side. The holes for attachment 

 were included in a large central well, most of which was broken away. 



We also found a few of the smaller four-holed china buttons. These 

 were of the same size as the smaller pearl variety. 



