252 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 182 



Clay objects were subdivided into: (1) chinaware, (2) stoneware, 

 (3) clay pipes (pi. 90, c), and (4) doorknobs. Various types of china- 

 ware were in the lot; most of these were found incorporated withm 

 the humus layer, while a few were found in some of the trash pits 

 dug by white man. There were portions of plates, cups, saucers, and 

 bowls. The paste is a dead white. Some have harder paste than 

 others, and the thickness of the glaze, which occurred on both surfaces, 

 varies from very thin — which resembles a wash — to fairly thick. On 

 some the glaze is crackled, while on others this characteristic is lack- 

 ing. Color of decoration ranges from a light blue to deep cobalt blue, 

 to brownish green and black, all on a white background. 



Staffordshire vessels were fairly numerous. These were decorated 

 with a pattern in rich warm brown. Apparently pieces of a common 

 set were broken and discarded. Imprinted on the basal portion of 

 a single sherd is the following maker's mark : 



Anthony Shaw & Co. 

 England Warranted 



In William Chaffers' (1946) section on "Staffordshire," we 

 found an Aaron Shaw listed for the town of Burslem in or about 

 1750. AVhether Anthony belonged to this same family or 

 had his own works is not known. This information was taken from 

 "Ward's History of the Burgh of Stoke" ( 1943 ) . E. Brunt of Hanley 

 (1802) listed a "Charles Shaw, packer and dealer, Tunstall" as "Trades 

 in connection with Potters in 1802." In 1837 Dr. S. Shaw brought out 

 a book on the "Chemistry of Porcelain, Potter}^, and Glass." Appar- 

 ently the Shaws were rather active in the manufacture of Staffordshire 

 ware from an early date, and Anthony Shaw was a later addition to 

 the list of pottery makers of that family, either directly or indirectly 

 related to the aforementioned men. 



The stoneware from this site is of two colors, a grayish and a brown- 

 ish ware. In both the paste is hard and very homogeneous in char- 

 acter. The bisque was given the desired color treatment and later a 

 salt glaze was developed. Crocks and heavy-duty bowls were made 

 of this ware and were in use around kitchens and milk houses. 



Pipes of the kaolin type (pi. 90, e) are indicated mostly by frag- 

 mentary pipestems. Bowl sections are extremely rare. All of the 

 bowls recovered are spurless. Bowl diameters measure 13/16 of an 

 inch across the mouth. From the base of the bowl to the rim, outside 

 measurements average ^\q of an inch. The inside of the bowl is well 

 blackened indicating long usage. 



To account for the numerous sections of pipestems, it has been 

 assumed that there was a practice that each smoker indulged in when 

 using pipes which were more or less common property. Before each 



