pLp. ??"■ 2^5T ^^^^^ ^' ^E^R RESERVOIR BASm— MILLER 303 



There is still an unaccountable hiatus in Virginia between the early 

 lithic cultures and the introduction of pottery making. Roberts 

 (1942 b, p. 27) most ably accounted, to some extent, for this fact by 

 stating : 



The consensus of many is that there was an actual interruption in the stream 

 of migration flowing from the Old to the New World and that for a time vast 

 stretches of the western Plains and the Great Basin were uninhabited ; that the 

 first people had pushed on southward and into Middle America, although traces 

 of them have not yet been found there, and those who were following had not 

 yet arrived. 



Whether the remains of the Tepexpan Man and the Midland Man 

 may indicate in a way tliis early migration into Mexico and Middle 

 America cannot be proved at this time. 



The remaining projectile types fall well within the range of the 

 forms usually assigned to both early and Middle Woodland periods 

 with a few small isosceles triangular forms attributed to the Late 

 Woodland and Mississippi cultures. 



Several gravers recovered from 44Mc72 conform somewhat to the 

 classification as set up by Wright (1940). One in particular can be 

 classified as belonging to Type lb, as it was made from a fortuitous 

 chip or flake exhibiting a dorsal ridge that tapers out to an edge, 

 secured by a short sharp point, and is triangular in cross section. 

 Other edges of this same tool have been fashioned into side scrapers, 

 making a combination tool out of a single large flake. 



A second type, from this same site, conforms stylistically to his 

 Type II, wliich is the chisel graver, and is made very much in the 

 same mamier as Type I with the exception that the point is broader, 

 usually straight across the end with the cutting edge beveled to impart 

 a chisel effect to the blade. The protrusion is longer than in Type I 

 and at the same time it is convex. Similar to Type I, this type has a 

 flat undersurface which accounts for its classification as a unifaced 

 tool. 



A third type, Type III, differs from the others in that it lacks the 

 flat undersurface of an unworked chip but has all faces worked into 

 small drill or borer shape, which is much too short to serve as such. 



Gravers of Types la and lb could be used in tattooing, as suggested 

 by Roberts (1936 a). They could also have served as the tool used 

 for decorating the outer edges of the bone disks found at the Linden- 

 meier site. 



Gravers are not limited to the Folsom culture, in age or in distri- 

 bution, as they have been found accompanying much later cultures. 

 Wright (1940, p. 34) has stated : 



Evidence seems to point to the fact that gravers have practically covered the 

 known span of man's existence in America. They, or evidence of their use, have 

 been found with some of the supposedly most ancient cultures in the Southwest. 



668192—62 21 



