6 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 50 
graphs in the canyon of the Towanache,* which enters Marsh pass 
from the northwest.’’ As indicated on his map, Doctor Prudden’s 
route did not pass the large ruins west and south of this canyon or 
those on the road to Red Lake and Tuba. 
Manifestly, the purpose of a national monument is the preserva- 
tion of important objects contained therein, and a primary object 
of archeological work should be to attract to it as many visitors and 
students as possible. As the country in which the Navaho National 
Monument is situated is one of the least known parts of Arizona, 
first place will be given to a brief account of one of the routes by 
which the important ruins included in the reserve may be reached. 
ROUTES TO THE NAVAHO NATIONAL MONUMENT 
Three routes to the Monument have been used by visitors, namely: 
(1) that from Bluff, Utah, by way of Oljato or Moonwater canyon; (2) 
that from Gallup, New Mexico, via the Chin Lee valley, and (3) 
that from Flagstaff, via Tuba and the Moenkopi wash. The disad- 
vantages of the first route, that used by most visitors, are the isola- 
tion of Bluff from railroads, the treacherous character of the San 
Juan river, which must be crossed, and the rugged country near 
Marsh pass. From the Gallup road it would be possible to go 
through the Canyon de Chelly in full view of many of its greatest 
cliff-dwellings, and while facilities for outfitting and purchasing 
supplies along the route are not of the best, this route has its advan- 
tages. 
Route FROM FLAGSTAFF TO MARSH Pass 
The writer outfitted at Flagstaff, Arizona, and, following the ‘‘Tuba 
road,’ forded the Little Colorado at Tanners crossing, and con- 
tinued on to Tuba, a Navaho Indian agency situated near the Moen- 
kopi wash, where there is a trading place at which provisions can be 
had. The road from Flagstaff to Tuba is well traveled, its sole draw- 
back being the ford of the river, the bottom of which at times is 
treacherous. Immediately after leaving Flagstaff this route passes 
through a pine forest, which offers many attractive camping 
places and where water can always be obtained. For the greater 
part of the distance Sunset and O’Leary peaks are in full view and the 
beautiful San Francisco mountains are likewise conspicuous. After 
crossing Deadmans flat the road descends to Indian Tanks, situated 
near the lower limit of the cedar trees; here is a fairly good camping 
place where water is generally available. From this camp to Half- 
way House? one crosses a semiarid desert, where wood and water 
are hard to find. 
aThe word bokho (‘‘canyon”’) is applied by the Navaho to this canyon; tség? (‘‘ high rocks”’) is used to 
designate the cliffs that hem it in. 
bA two-room stone house erected by the Indian Bureau for use of employes. 
