8 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL. 50 
An obscure trail branches from the Tuba road to the Black Falls 
ruins just beyond the cedars below Indian Tanks, and the black walls 
of the so-called ‘‘citadel” of this cluster are conspicuous for a con- 
siderable distance before one leaves the main road. The ruin here 
figured is some distance beyond the “citadel” and is hidden from view 
by intervening hills and mesas, but from the time the traveler crosses 
the valley of the Little Colorado and goes down into the Moenkopi 
wash he follows approximately the old trail the Snake people took in 
their southerly migration from Tokénabi. 
Near Tanners crossing on the left bank, a short distance down ris 
river, Mr. Janus* has cemented a small earn above the highest level 
of the flood, into which always flows pure water. The road from the 
river to Moenkopi wash passes through a region where there is very 
little wood for camping and no water. The distance from Flagstaff 
to Tuba, about 90 miles, may be traveled in two days by taking the 
midday meal of the first day at Indian Tanks and camping the first 
night at Halfway House, where there is water for horses. 
The pueblo settlement of Moenkopi (‘‘ place of the running water”’), 
which lies not far from Tuba, will give the visitor a fair idea of a small 
Hopi pueblo. This settlement is said to be comparatively modern 
and to have been made by colonists from Oraibi, but there are reasons 
to believe that it dates back to the middle of the eighteenth century. 
The pueblo is inhabited mainly by Pakab (Reed) clans, a people of 
late advent in the Hopicountry, whose arrival therein was subsequent, 
at all events, to that of the Snake clans. The houses of Moenkopi are 
arranged in rows, and it has one ceremonial room, or kiva, not unlike 
the kivas of Walpi. None of the great nine-days ceremonies of the 
Hopi is performed at Moenkopi; such dances as exist, called katcinas, 
are conducted by masked participants. Possibly the presence of 
Pakab clans in this pueblo is accounted for by need of warriors in its 
exposed position, for the chief of the Hopi Warrior society (at Walpi) 
belongs to the Pakab clan. The ruins about Moenkopi are smali and 
inconspicuous, but those between this pueblo and Oraibi are of 
considerable size. 
Beyond Tuba the road is rough, running over upturned strata of 
rocks and extending along sandy stretches of plain and hills to Red 
Lake, where there is an Indian trading store owned by well-known 
merchants of Flagstaff.” Here also provisions may be obtained for 
the trip and abundant water for stock. The road now becomes more 
difficult. Just after leaving Red Lake there may be noticed to the 
left two great pinnacles of rock called Elephant Legs, not unlike those ~ 
in Monument canyon, Utah, and far to the north the cliffs are fan- 
tastically eroded. The White Mesa natural bridge, visible from Red 
a Mr, Stephen Janus, agent of the Northwestern Navaho, to whom the author is indebted for many kind. 
nesses, joined him at Tuba and made the trip to Marsh pass and the neighboring ruins with his party. 
b The presence of excellent traders’ stores at Tuba and Red Lake renders it unnecessary te carry gros 
ceries or fodder from Flagstaff, 
