10 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 50 
MAJOR ANTIQUITIES 
Ruin A 
The first ruin of considerable size that was visited is situated to the 
left of and somewhat distant from the road, a few miles west and 
south of Marsh pass. As this ruin (pl. 4)¢ stands on an elevation, 
it is visible for a considerable distance across the valley, especially 
to one approaching it from the southwest. The standing walls rise 
in places to a height of 10 feet, showing indications of two stories, 
some of the rafters in places still projecting beyond the face of the 
wall. The two walls highest and most prominent are parallel, 
inclosing a long room or court; in one place a break has been made 
through these walls, as appears in the illustration. The remnants or 
foundations of other walls back of these show that ruin A was 
formerly very much larger than the walls now standing would 
indicate. 
The walls are composed of roughly laid masonry, bearing evidences 
on the inside of adobe plastering. An exceptional feature is the 
large number of the component stones decorated on their outer faces 
with deeply incised geometrical figures, apparently traced with some 
pointed implement.? 
Comparison of the architecture of this ruin with that of the Black 
Falls ruin here figured (pl. 3) shows a resemblance which is more 
than superficial, in the elevated site, character of the masonry, and 
general ground plan; and comparison of its walls with those of Old 
Walpi shows a similar likeness, which is instructive so far as it goes. 
This is the only large ruin visited that is characterized by high stand- 
ing walls on top of an eminence, but Navaho guides said they were 
familiar with others in this neighborhood similar in structure and 
situation. 
Immediately after leaving this ruin the attention is drawn to the 
first of the large cliff-dwellings, cliff-house B, situated near Marsh 
pass. The contrast in color of the Cretaceous rocks on the right 
and the Triassic formations on the left side of the pass is noticeable 
for some distance. The great cliff-dwellings are found high up in 
the red sandstone on the left. 
CiirF-HousE B 
This picturesque ruin occupies the whole floor of a narrow, low 
cave situated in an almost vertical cliff forming one side of a can- 
yon which extends deep into the mountain; the entrance is between 
low hills on the left, where the road ascends to Marsh pass. The 
a This ruin may be that called Tecolote, which appears on many old maps. 
b Among other names cut on the walls of this ruin is that of Lieutenant Bell, 1859. 
