FEWKES] NAVAHO NATIONAL MONUMENT, ARIZONA Ef 
ruin can be seen for a long distance, but as one approaches the can- 
yon in which it lies the site is hidden by foothills. The accom- 
panying view (pl. 5) was taken from the opposite side of the 
canyon, it beirg impossible to get an extended detailed view of the 
ruin from above or below. Beyond the ruin the canyon forms a nar- 
rowing fissure with precipitous sides; its bed is covered with bushes, 
stunted trees, and fallen rocks. No flowing water was found in this 
canyon, but in the ledges near its mouth, below the ruins, there are 
pockets and potholes which contained considerable water at the 
time of the writer’s visit. 
This cliff-dwelling is difficult to enter, the walls of the canyon, 
both above and below and on the sides, being almost perpendicular. 
A pathway extending along the side of the cliff on the level of the 
cave approaches within 20 feet of the ruin; from its end to the first 
room of the ruin this trail is continued by a series of footholes pecked 
in the rock, making entrance hazardous at this point. Although 
the walls of this cliff-dwelling are more or less destroyed and their 
foundations deeply buried, there still remains standing masonry of a 
square tower (?) reaching from the floor to the roof of the cave. 
One corner of this tower is completely broken out, but the remaining 
sides show that this building was three stories high, composed of 
rooms one above another. 
Several other rooms lie concealed under fallen walls and débris. 
One of the most instructive of these is what may have been a kiva, 
or ceremonial room,° the location of its walls being indicated by 
stakes projecting out of the ground. Lower down, where the wall 
was better preserved, sticks or wickerwork were found interwoven in 
the uprights, the whole being plastered with adobe, a form of wall 
construction common in prehistoric ruins of Arizona. 
In comparison with the Mesa Verde ruins, the masonry of this 
ruin is poor, but the stones used in constructing the walls are large. 
The many fragments of pottery strewn over the surface of the floor 
of the cave resemble in symbolism pottery from Black Falls, the 
same colors, black and white, predominating. ° 
In descending the declivity of the cliff in the sides of which cliff- 
house B is situated, there comes to view a cluster of broken walls 
crowning a low elevation, which indicate a former house of some size. 
In their neighborhood are the foundations of other walls, and the 
ground in the vicinity is strewn with many fragments of pottery and 
much fallen masonry half buried in débris. Farther down the hill, 
a A few broken-down walls of rooms stand at the side of the trail just before one reaches the dangerous 
part. 
b No other rooms that could becalled ceremonial were recognized incliff-house B, but the writer’s exam- 
ination of the ruin was not very thorough and their existence may have escaped him. 
eMr. Black informs me that it was in this ruin that he found the beautiful woven belt now at El Tovar 
Hotel, Grand Canyon. 
