YEWKES] NAVAHO NATIONAL MONUMENT, ARIZONA 19 
so conspicuous in the circular kivas of the Mesa Verde. The inner 
walls are smoothly plastered. 
Enough of the roof of this kiva remains to show the method of 
construction, and as this is the first example of such a roof the writer 
has ever examined a brief description of it may prove to be instruc- 
tive. (See pl. 14.) The supports or rafters are three in number, 
consisting of a large middle log laid across the center of the kiva 
halfway between the banquette and the opposite side, and of two 
smaller logs, parallel with it, resting on the top of the kiva wall, one 
across the banquette, and the other at about an equal distance on 
the opposite side. A number of smaller transverse beams, parallel 
with one another, are supported by the three logs already mentioned, 
and upon these lie the layers of sticks, bark, and adobe which cover 
the roof. No hatchway or place for a vertical opening was to be 
seen, but as the covering of the banquette is missing it is quite 
possible that the entrance to the kiva may have had some connec- 
_ tion with this feature. 
The top of a vertical stone slab, comparable in shape and position 
with a deflector, was seen projecting out of the débris that fills the 
lower part of the kiva, and rods in the wall near the roof represent 
pegs found at the tops of the pilasters in Mesa Verde kivas. There 
is a niche at one side for small objects, a constant feature in all kivas, 
circular and rectangular. The fire-hole was covered with débris. 
The second circular kiva, which belongs to the same subtype, is 
situated not far from the one described, but is much more dilapi- 
dated, about half its walls having fallen. The roof of this kiva 
appears to have been supported in part by upright logs isolated from 
the walls, inside the chamber, three of which still stand in their 
original positions. This feature reminds one of kivas of the Rio 
Grande region as described by Castafieda, the historian of the Coro- 
nado expedition in 1540-42. In addition to the two circular kivas 
Scaffold House contains another room that may have been ceremonial 
in character, having all the essentials of the Betatakin rooms herein 
referred to as kivas. It lies near the western end of the ruin, its 
northwestern wall being bound by the vertical cliff. This room is 
rectangular, with a lateral entrance opposite which is a low 
bank, or deflector; the floor between the latter and the doorway is 
raised slightly above the general level. The fire-hole occupies a posi- 
tion on the other side, as in rooms of this kind in Betatakin. It was 
noticed that the sides of the doorway are considerably worn and that 
its lintel is made of split sticks. 
In addition to the two circular subterranean kivas at Scaffold House 
there is at least one kihu in this ruin. This is situated near the west- 
ern end, being built against the upright or rear wall of the cavern to 
which the two side walls are joined. The doorway is like those of the 
