20 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 50 
kihus in Betatakin and is situated opposite the cliff-wall. The roof 
has fallen in, but the beams and wattling remain in place as they fell. 
There is a fire-hole in the middle of the floor, and between it and the 
doorway is a deflector made of upright staves between which is adobe 
work; the whole is plastered with adobe. The threshold of the low 
doorway is slightly elevated above the floor, and between it and the 
base of the deflector is a raised platform. The lintels are made of 
sticks split with wedges, possibly of stone, as shown by their fibrous 
surfaces. 
There are many pictographs on the cliff at Scaffold House, the 
most conspicuous of which represent human hands, snakes (one of 
them is 15 feet long), mountain sheep or other horned mammals, and 
nondescript figures representing tailed human beings. 
The ruins at Bubbling Spring, a short distance from Scaffold House, 
are inconspicuous. 
CRADLE HouskE 
This large ruin,* so named from the finding of the cradle described 
and illustrated herein, is situated in the side of a bluff rising above 
East canyon. It contains about 50 rooms and at least 3 circular 
kivas without pilasters, the front walls of which are considerably 
broken down. 
The rooms of Cradle House as a rule extend along the rear of the 
cave, their back walls generally being formed by the vertical wall of 
the cliff, there being no recess behind them. The majority of the 
rooms lie about midway in the length of the ruin, the kivas being situ- 
ated in front of the cluster. In two or three places rooms are found 
on levels below or above that of the main cluster, but only rarely are 
there rooms in front of others on the same level. On the upper ledge 
near the western end a small bin is found at the base of which is a 
considerable depression, probably artificial. 
LappER HouskE 
The more or less dilapidated walls of this ruin are to be seen from 
the left bank of East canyon, a few miles farther upstream. The posi- 
tion is indicated by an enormous butte which projects into the canyon 
and diverts the stream at that point. One side of this butte is eroded 
-in such a way as to resemble in outline an elephant’s trunk, this erosion 
marking the initial process in the formation of a ‘‘natural bridge.” 
On the opposite side of this butte there is another large cliff-dwelling, 
which was not visited. 
a Like all ruins in East canyon, Cradle House is situated in a small side canyon on the left bank. 
