pLp N^o^' S^sT P^U^ BRAVE SITE — WOOD AND WOOLWORTH 15 



tion of Paul Brave pottery. The classification below uses the con- 

 cepts of types and wares defined by Lehmer (1954, p. 41), which 

 are in current use in the Middle Missouri area. Wares are defined 

 as groups of types which share a majority of basic characteristics in- 

 cluding paste, vessel shape, surface finish, and rim form. Types in- 

 cluded within a ware are groups of vessels or rim sherds decorated 

 or modified in a consistent manner. 



The paste, surface finish, and form of the pottery from Paul Brave 

 are described below to apply to all ceramics from the site. 



Paste : 



Method of manufacture: Probably lump modeled with paddle and anvil. 

 Temper: The material is uniformly decomposed or calcined granite. The 

 amount and size of tempering varies with the size of the vessel. In the 

 smaller vessels and in miniatures, temper is small and sparse, while in 

 larger vessels it is coarser and more abundant. Particles of quartz, mica, 

 and feldspar are visible in sherd cross sections ; particles are 0.5 to 3.0 mm. 

 in diameter. 

 Texture: The surfaces are medium fine to coarse, with the quality of the 

 paste decreasing as vessel size increases. The majority of sherds are 

 rough on the exterior because of irregular smoothing, and many are 

 crackled on the interior. The core is compact to contorted, with evenly 

 distributed temper. 

 Hardness: 3.0 to 3.5, the majority 3.0 (calcite). 

 Color: Buflf, through light and dark grays to black, with the majority a dark 



gray. 

 Source clay: A plastic clay, light gray in color, was used to make the 

 pottery. It is free of sand but contains silt. 

 Surface finish : Vessel interiors and the upper parts of the vessel exteriors are 

 usually horizontally smoothed. Shoulders were malleated vertically with a 

 grooved paddle, but more frequently the resulting grooves were smoothed over. 

 Rim sherds may be vertically stamped, but ordinarily are smoothed. Only 

 three rims are horizontally stamped. The bases of the vessels are impressed 

 in a random fashion. Some vessels are lightly polished, and their surfaces 

 reflect some light (pi. 6, e, 7i) . 

 Form: 



lAp: Rounded, pointed, or flat, depending upon the presence and type of deco- 

 ration. 

 Rim: Two rim forms occur. The Riggs Ware includes those types with ver- 

 tical, straight to outflaring rims. The Fort Yates Ware includes those 

 types with S-shaped rims. 

 Neck: Ordinarily constricted, except on vessels with straight, vertical rims. 

 Shoulder: Rounded and steeply sloping. 



Body: All vessels appear to be globular, with round bases and wide mouths. 

 In the restorable vessels, vessel height is about equal to maximum di- 

 ameter. 

 Appendages: Loop handles predominate, with strap handles present but 

 rare. Handles are welded to the lip and riveted to the shoulder. Ver- 

 tical, triangular tabs are common on the lip. Usually these elements have 

 a central incision. 



