pLp ^o! 3^3"/' ^^^^ BRAVE SITE — WOOD AND WOOLWORTH 35 



Pigments, 

 (15 pieces) 



Fourteen small, irregular fragments of chalk were probably bases 

 for pigment. The colors of these pigments given below approximate 

 those of Maerz and Paul ( 1930) . Three of the chalks are nearly white 

 (10 A 1), and 11 are yellow, approaching in tone Pinard Yellow (9 

 K 2). Powdered hematite from one feature is Java Brown (8 L 10). 

 The white chalk is fairly soft, approximating in hardness the consis- 

 tency of softer grades of schoolroom chalk. The yellow chalk is more 

 compact, and is about the hardness of talc. 



WORK IN BOISrE 



Scapula hoes 

 (109 specimens) 



The scapulae of adult bison were used in the manufacture of this 

 implement, although some smaller and more delicate specimens may 

 have been from young bison or from elk. The supra scapular border 

 is beveled on the side that bears the scapular fossae, and these fossae 

 are hacked away so that the surface is nearly level. The edges of the 

 implements are roughened by chopping at a distance of 100 to 150 

 mm. from the cutting edge, probably to provide a surface for binding 

 a handle to the tool. The cutting edge may be rounded or straight, 

 largely depending on the amount of wear. The articular end is re- 

 tained without modification (fig. 6, g) . 



Notches occur on the side of nine implements near the articulating 

 end. The notches may occur on either side (fig. 6, i) . One hoe has a 

 hole 12 mm. in diameter in the blade 115 mm. from the articulating 

 end (fig. 6, h). Two hoes have deep, U-shaped indentations in the 

 blade (see Hurt, 1953, fig. 19, 4-5) . The edges of these indentations 

 are smoothed, possibly from use as thong stretchers. The range in 

 length of complete hoes is 250 to 410 mm., the shorter specimens show- 

 ing much evidence of use. 



Serrated fleshers 

 (2 specimens) 



The one complete specimen, 310 mm. long, was made by cutting the 

 shaft of a bison metatarsal diagonally to produce a chisel edge. The 

 edge is serrated (fig. 7, h). The implement also includes several of 

 the ankle bones, which were left in place to provide additional lever- 

 age. The shaft of the metatarsal is highly polished near the serrated 

 end, but the rest of the metatarsal and the remaining bones have a 

 natural finish, suggesting that the tool originally retained cartilage 

 and hide over the ankle and heel bones. A fragment of a second 

 serrated specimen was recovered. 



661-932—64 1 



