pip. No!' S^sY' ^^^^ BRAVE SITE — WOOD AND WOOLWORTH 43 



Two awls made from the proximal end of the bone are 63 mm. long 

 (fig. 9, &). A third specimen is from an immature animal and the 

 epiphysis is detached. Length is 55 mm. (fig. 9, c) . 



Fifteen awls made from the distal end of the bone are 50 to 121 

 mm. long. The longer ones are thin and evenly tapered, but shorter 

 specimens are stubby (fig. 9, d) . 



Head of hone partially loorhed (12 specimens). — ^One specimen 

 from the distal end of a deer metapodial is 186 mm. long, with a long, 

 tapering shaft. The butt is smooth and rounded, all articulating 

 facets and rough projections having been reduced, leaving a smooth 

 swelling grip. 



Eleven awls are made from the proximal end of deer metapodials, 

 which are split lengthwise. The ends are smoothed and rounded, with 

 little of the original surface remaining. Length is 60 to lYT mm. 

 (fig. 9,/). 



Head of hone wholly removed (17 specimens). — These tools have 

 rounded and smoothed butts and short, tapering points. Each awl is 

 split from a long bone. Most specimens have a groove down one side 

 (fig. 9, e) , a remnant of the central cavity of the parent bone, but some 

 are completely smooth, with no evidence of the original surface (fig. 9, 

 g) . Lengths are 63 to 125 mm. 



Splinter awls (14 specimens). — Fragments of long bones, the shape 

 of which fitted them for use as awls after sharpening one end, are 

 classed as splinter awls. There is no regularity of shape, and only 

 the tip is worked. Lengths are 55 to 97 mm. (fig. 9, h) . 

 Mammal RIBS (33 specimens) : 



Split rihs (28 specimens) . — These awls are split from a large mam- 

 mal rib, probably bison, and most of the surface is dressed. The 

 cancellous bone is removed or nearly obliterated. Sides are nearly 

 parallel and butts are squared (fig. 10, 5) . The awls are homogeneous 

 in form but vary from 61 to 181 mm. in length. 



Splinter awls (5 specimens). — These specimens are fragments of 

 split ribs that served as awls after one of the sharp ends was ground 

 to a point. Form is not consistent. Presumably the original splinter 

 was chosen for convenience rather than form. 

 Bird long bones (4 specimens) : 



Each of these specimens is made from a whole bone, with one end 

 sharpened to a stubby point. Two awls, made from an ulna (fig. 10, c) 

 and a femur, are 74 mm. long. Two awls are made from wing bones, 

 the longest of which is 175 mm. long. 

 Fish spine (1 specimen) : 



The spine of a catfish is sharpened to a blunt tip on the end opposite 

 the articulating surfaces. The sharp ridges along one edge are ground 

 away so that the shaft is smooth (fig. 10, d) . These spines are some- 

 times erroneously identified as fish mandibles. 



