P^pAv l-Tf DEMERY SITE — WOOLWORTH AND WOOD 121 



Scored ribs (4 specimens) : 



These objects were made by cutting 8 to 16 transverse notches, 3 to 

 10 mm. apart, across the convex surface of large ribs. All of these 

 objects seem to be broken, since both ends are fragmentary. They 

 range from 95 to 253 mm. in length (fig. 22, a) . 



Awls (79 specimens) : 



The awls from Demery generally have sharp, tapering points, 

 although some of them are rather blunt. Each of the tools with 

 points sharp enough to have served as hide perforators is classed as 

 an awl. The classification of these implements follows that of Kidder 

 (1932), with a few necessary modifications as required by the sample. 

 The awls are divided into six groups, based on the material from which 

 they are derived. The amount of work done to bring them to their 

 final form is the basis for the following classification. 



Mammal long bones 29 



Head of bone left intact except for splitting (24) . 

 Distal ends of metapodials (18) . 

 Proximal ends of metapodials (6) . 



Head of bone partially worked down (2) . 



Circular, tapered awls (2). 



Splinter awl (1). 



Split mammal ribs 5 



Neural spine awls ("rib edge") 39 



Scapula splinters 2 



Bird long bone 1 



Miniature awls (source uncertain) 3 



Total awls 79 



Long hone : head of hone left intact except for splitting (24 speci- 

 mens) . — All of the specimens in this class were made from the meta- 

 podials of deer or antelope. They were split by longitudinally sawing 

 the posterior side of the bone and by wedging apart the diastema in 

 the proximal end, and using the resulting splinters, with the ends as 

 butts. A complete metapodial was 237 mm. long, and the longest 

 complete awl is 156 mm. long, revealing that the longest awls were 

 about two-thirds the length of the bone. The butts were rounded 

 and polished by use. 



Eighteen awls were made from the distal end of the metapodial 

 (fig. 24, ^). An unfinished awl is 190 mm. long, but finished speci- 

 mens are 66 to 156 mm. long. The longer awls are slender and 

 evenly tapered; the shorter ones, thick and stubby, probably from 

 repeated sharpening. Six awls are from the proximal end of the 

 bone. The longest of these is 97 mm. long; the shortest, 69 mm. 

 long; they were highly polished. One of them is incised (fig. 24, g). 



Long hone: head of hone partially worked down (2 specimens). — 



