122 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 189 



The two specimens of this class, made from the proximal end of 

 metapodials, are of similar size and proportions. They are 98 and 101 

 mm. long, with long tapering shafts. The butts are smooth and 

 rounded, having been worked so that articulating facets and project- 

 ing bone were removed, leaving a smooth, swelling grip (fig. 24, h). 



Long hone: circular^ tapered awls (2 specimens). — These two awls, 

 made from sections of long bones, are 145 and 225 mm. long. There 

 are faint traces of cancellous tissue along one side of the larger awl. 

 The butt of the shorter awl is broken (fig. 24, j) ; the butt of the other 

 is rounded. 



Long hone: splinter awl (1 specimen) . — The single awl of this class 

 consists of a splinter of long bone wliich was sharpened on one pointed 

 end. It is smoothed on all surfaces except the butt. Length, 88 mm. 

 (fig. 24,/). 



Split mammal rib awls (5 specimens). — The five complete speci- 

 mens in this class were made from split bison ribs, and are 80 to 173 

 mm. long. They have sharp, tapering points ; most of their surfaces 

 are smoothed, although only one of them has a smooth, rounded butt 

 (fig. 23,/). 



Neural spine oajdIs (39 specimens). — Specimens of this class, usually 

 called "rib edge" awls, were almost certainly made from sections cut 

 from the neural spine of bison thoracic vertebrae (see Wedel, 1955, 

 pp. 119-120) . In some cases, the edge is ground down so that the can- 

 cellous tissue is nearly gone ; in others, part of it remains. They are 

 usually triangular in section and the butts are rounded or faceted. A 

 few of them are long and slender, tapering evenly to form a slender 

 shaft (fig. 23, h) , but more often they are short and stubby (fig. 23, ^) . 



Scapula splinter awls (2 specimens) . — Fragments of bison scapula 

 spines, as much as 40 mm. long, are fashioned into awls by grinding 

 one end smooth to serve as the butt, and the other into a sharp point. 



Bird long hone awl (1 specimen). — The single awl of this class is 

 made from what appears to be a radius, with one end brought to a 

 sharp, stubby point. Length, 129 mm. (fig. 23, Z?). 



Mvniature awls (3 specimens). — These awls are made from imiden- 

 tifiable, thin-walled bones. Two of them are slender and tapered, with 

 sharp points. The third awl has nearly parallel edges and a blunt, 

 stubby point (fig. 23, c) . They are 32 to 62 mm. long, and 5 mm. wide. 



Serrated rih tip (1 specimen) : 



One end of a large rib, 230 mm. long, is serrated; the bone adjacent 

 to the serrations is polished and beveled from wear (fig. 22, 6). 



Pottery modeling tools (5 specimens) : 



These five incomplete items were probably made from bison ribs. 

 Four of them have one convex and one broken end ; the fifth one is 



