Pa^p.^o.' 34}' DEMERY SITE — WOOLWORTH AND WOOD 123 



fragmentary. Surfaces are smooth but they are not polished. The 

 original lengths of these tools exceeded 68 to 160 mm. (fig. 23, j). 



Ulfia chisel (1 specimen) : 



The proximal end of a bison ulna and part of the shaft were used 

 for this tool, which is 195 mm. long. The humeral articulating facet 

 is lacking. The proximal end has a chisel-shaped edge which is turned 

 at about a 45-degree angle from the flat surface of the bone (fig. 20, e) . 



Ulna picks (6 specimens) : 



The proximal ends of right bison ulnae have rounded and smoothed 

 tips, perhaps indicating use as digging tools. Three of them are cut 

 or hacked on the posterior surfaces below the distal ends. One of the 

 latter tools has a smooth anterior surface below the distal end; the 

 other two show signs of hacking. This modification probably had a 

 function in hafting these tools (fig. 20, d). 



Bison radius picks (4 specimens) : 



These tools were made by cutting away part of the shaft of a bison 

 radius and sharpening the midsection to a chisellike edge. Three of 

 the four specimens have oval holes 25 to 40 mm. in diameter extending 

 longitudinally through the articulating surfaces into the marrow 

 cavity. They range from 247 to 180 mm. in length ( fig. 20, /) . 



Digging fools (6 specimens) : 



This residual category includes tools with polished, blunted points 

 that are not readily identifiable as to function. The blimted to pointed, 

 polished tips suggest that they may have been used as digging tools. 

 Portions of spinous processes from bison scapula were used for three 

 of them, which are 120 to 310 mm. long. One of them is from the 

 medial edge of a left bison scapula ; it is 170 mm. long. One tool is 

 part of a bison rib, 134 mm. long, and a final specimen is part of a 

 heavy long bone, 180 mm. long. 



Pendant (1 specimen) : 



The rib of a small mammal has been cut into a segment 85 mm. 

 long ; it tapers from 9 mm. in width at one end to 8 mm. at the other. 

 Both ends are convex ; the smaller end has two grooves, by means of 

 which it may have been suspended (fig. 24, a) . 



ANTLER ARTIFACTS 



Cylinders (11 specimens) : 



These objects, sometimes called "tapping tools," were made from 

 the proximal ends of mule deer antlers by cutting around the antler 

 to a depth of 4 to 6 mm. and snapping the section off, about 40 mm. 

 below the lowest tine. The attaching burrs are rounded and reduced ; 



