170 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BuU. 189 



were placed squarely across the lip, and others were at a diagonal; 

 some impressions appeared to have been made by a single miit and 

 others appeared to have been made by a double unit. Wliether a stick 

 or a sliver of bone was actually used to bring about this effect could 

 not be ascertained. Cord elements of various diameters were used in 

 this same manner with the impressions rmming either parallel with 

 the lip, at right angles to it, or at a diagonal across the lip. Lip 

 punctations varied exceedingly from small to large : those that were 

 comma-shaped, teardrop, or oval in outline. There were a few whose 

 punctations were tantalizingly irregular both as to outline and 

 depth. From plaster casts taken to secure a positive of the element 

 used, it appears that bits of rough textiles were pressed into the pli- 

 able lip, creating these irregular, uneven, and unequal indentations. 



Then, too, there were impressions that were usually made by apply- 

 ing the tip or one side of a blunt implement. Some impressions were 

 shallow, circular, and saucer shaped in outline and spaced fairly close 

 to one another. In a few instances a squared or very roughly pointed 

 implement was used in place of the rounded-tip tool, but the technique 

 of rendition and the results were the same. 'V\nienever the side of the 

 implement was used, the resulting impressions were elongated and 

 trough-shaped in that both ends were open. They were either at 

 right angles to the sides of the lip or drawn at a diagonal. 



This leads to the next technique in that these same two implements, 

 but of smaller sizes, were used in a "stab-and-drag" teclinique in which 

 the implement was thrust or pushed into the moist clay. Without 

 withdrawing the tool it was dragged or pulled a short distance; this 

 was then repeated over and over again, resulting in a line of intercon- 

 nected impressions. In so doing, the terminal part of the former 

 drag was pushed in, somewhat marring the sharpness. 



Herringbone designs on lips were of the widest variation. Some 

 were rendered with very finely pointed tools and carefully drawn or 

 incised, whereas at the other extreme are those whose elements were 

 drawn with a very blunt instrument, at times deeply inserted into the 

 lip. Usually those of tlie thin line elements were regular and care- 

 fully drawn, whereas the coarser the rendition the more careless it was. 

 If, by chance, the vessel should have had a handle or handles, this 

 same treatment was usually carried over onto these features. 



Finger indentations of the lips were of two kinds. They could be 

 pressed in from the sides to give the rim a sort of undulating effect 

 or pressed down directly upon the lip to give it a scalloped or a wavy 

 vertical effect. In some, where the latter method was used, the 

 intervals were fairly regular, while in others the intervals were irregu- 

 lar and the amount of pressure used varied from point of contact to 

 point of contact; in other words, the "trough" varied in depth and was 



