200 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 189 



4 mm. to 10 mm. Lengths of the flakes are very consistent, and the 

 greatest variation occurs in the widths. Cutting ends have been 

 sharply retouched either in a slight arc or straight across. 



Trapezoidal end scrapers (pi. 27, A^ m, o). — Scrapers of this type, 

 15 specimens, are roughly four sided ; two of which are parallel. Of 

 the total number, 9 have all four edges retouched while the remaining 

 6 have retouching only along three sides. Cutting edges can range in 

 shape from a pronounced arc to almost a straight line. Size is fairly 

 uniform. 



End scrapers with left carinate {type 3). — These 37 specimens are 

 a form of keeled scraper in which the keel appears as a distinct flake 

 scar ridge on the left side of the dorsal surface, creating the thickest 

 part of the tool. All are medium sized and several of them have had 

 the positive bulb of percussion chipped away to bring about a flatter 

 ventral surface. 



Contrariwise there are 32 other specimens, type 4, that possess a dis- 

 tinct ridge along the right side of each scraper. Whether these are 

 distinct and purposeful tools cannot be determined, but there are far 

 too many of them to be accounted as just accidental objects, or end 

 scrapers. 



What was once a type 3 end scraper ended up by being an eccentric 

 scraper ; not only were the edges retouched but the working edges were 

 retouched on the ventral surface, creating a very pronounced bevel. 

 The cutting edge now resembles similar edges found on gouges or 

 chisels. Whether this particular tool was intended to function as a 

 gouge cannot be determined, but it is well suited for just this purpose 

 (field specimen No. 1008) . 



End scraper-graver corribination (pi. 27, A^ p-^). — A few end 

 scrapers had short graver tips at one or both sides of the working 

 face. These were made by carefully chipping a small, fine, sharp point 

 along one edge of the tool. The ventral face is flat, as was that of the 

 scraper itself, and the edges are beveled and brought to a point. At 

 the present time these points are not as sharp as they once were but 

 have been rendered dull through apparent use. Evidently this trait 

 is a carryover from an earlier cultural manifestation and was in its 

 terminal phase at the Hosterman site, as represented by the small 

 number of specimens. 



Modified end scrapers — (two specimens). — These are slightly tri- 

 angular in outline with a pronounced groove down the dorsal surface, 

 creating a moderately high ridge on the left-hand side of the scraper 

 and one less pronounced on the right-hand side. The two side edges 

 have been carefully retouched, terminating in a rounded butt, and 

 the scraping edge was given additional retouching to give the ventral 

 surface a beveled inward curve while the dorsal surface was carefully 



