P&. ^o.' IsT HOSTERMAN SITE — MILLER 201 



beveled to create a chisellike cutting edge. Perhaps artifacts of this 

 type were used as a form of gouge. 



Twenty-three fragments of end scrapers are too mdefinite to be 

 classified into the various types found at this site. 



Side scrapers. — Side scrapers are flake tools. It appears that their 

 essential characteristic is the presence of a scraping edge formed along 

 one or more sides of a suitable flake as the result of secondary working 

 or retouching. The ventral surface, or under face, is unworked as a 

 rule. The scraping edge is produced by secondary flaking from the 

 ventral surface upon one or more edges. They vary greatly in size and 

 shape depending primarily upon the type of flake chosen to be con- 

 verted into a side scraper. 



It would seem that any suitable flake, regardless of size or shape, 

 could have had its edges or edge trimmed for use as a scraper. The 

 working edge is somewhat convex in outline. Several of these flakes 

 are very thin, long, with parallel sides. Most of the Hosterman site 

 side scrapers are made from some sort of chalcedony, quartzite, chert, 

 or jasper. The trinamed edge, in most cases, was formed by pressure 

 chipping in which small fine chips were cast off. On the other hand, a 

 minority was just the opposite in that large rough flakes or chips 

 were cast off with no care taken as to placement of the chips, resulting 

 in large, thick, uneven edged flakes converted into side scrapers. Usu- 

 ally the larger scrapers were made of quartzite. 



Side scrapers from the Hosterman site have been subdivided into 

 the following types : STnall iiake side scrapers, 111 specimens ; medium- 

 sized -fiake side scrapers, 15 specimens; large -flake side scrapers^ 3 

 specimens ; lunate side scrapers, 30 specimens ; triple-edged side scrap- 

 ers, 6 specimens; prismatic side scrapers, 12 specimens; double-edged 

 side scrapers, 13 specimens ; and combination side scraper-spokeshave^ 

 15 specimens. 



Small -flake side scrapers. — These were made from the small ubiq- 

 uitous flakes found scattered at knapping stations within the site or 

 on various dump heaps. The side edge was, as a rule, very carefully 

 chipped with very fine retouching, but there is an occasional specimen 

 whose scraper edge was made by casting off much larger and heavier 

 chips. Measuring along the scraper edge, the greatest and smallest 

 lengths are 36 mm. and 16 mm., greatest widths of the flakes utilized 

 ranged from 31 mm. to 15 mm., and the thickness varies from 2 mm. 

 to 11 nom. 



Large flake side scrapers (pi. 27, B, a-c). — Three have the follow- 

 ing measurements: 



Length Width Thickness 



