202 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BuU. 189 



These measurements would indicate that any flake over 60 mm. in 

 length converted into a side scraper would immediately be placed in 

 the large-flake category. 



Double-edged side scrapers (pi. 28, A^ a). — Scrapers of this type 

 have opposing sides retouched to scraper surfaces. Measurements 

 show considerable variations : in length, 22 mm. to 67 mm. ; in width, 

 14 mm. to 41 mm. ; and in thickness, 4 mm. to 10 mm. Five of the 

 specimens have a carinated dorsal surface, and the remainder have 

 a fluted dorsal surface. 



Triple-edged side scrapers ( pi. 28, J., & ) . — Scrapers of this type have 

 two sides and the adjoining end of a flake converted into scraping 

 surfaces. The adjoining end can be convex or straight in outline. 

 At the Hosterman site we have two subtypes depending solely upon 

 size. Type 1 scrapers range in length from 67 mm. to 130 mm., in 

 width from 30 mm. to 65 mm., and in thickness from 13 mm. to 16 mm. 

 Type 2 scrapers range in length from 20 mm. to 28 mm., in width 

 from 18 mm. to 29 mm., and in thickness from 4 mm. to 6 mm. 



Prismatic flake end scrapers (pi. 28, Z, d). — These tend to be tri- 

 angular in cross section and have only one of the edges converted into 

 scraping surfaces. They range in length from 22 mm. to 49 mm., in 

 width from 10 mm. to 19 mm., and in thickness from 5 mm. to 11 mm. 



Lv/nate side scrapers. — Lunate side scrapers have one convex edge 

 that was retouched to a scraping edge. Most of the flakes when cast 

 off had an edge roughly convex in outline and were converted into 

 this type of scraper. Only the retouched edge was worked; the rest 

 of the surface of the artifact was untouched. The size of the flake 

 varies in length from 21 mm. to 61 nun., in width from 10 mm. to 

 44 mm., and in thickness from 4 mm. to 14 mm. 



Bide and concave scrapers (pi. 28, J., c). — Scrapers of this type are 

 combinations of a side scraper and a spokeshave or a concave scraping 

 surface. Most of these have only one concave surface, but one of these 

 scrapers has two concave surfaces. These are carefully retouched so 

 that they are not the result of a false blow or breakage. The flake may 

 range in length from 27 mm. to 78 mm., in width from 18 mm. to 

 42 mm., and in thickness from 5 mm. to 14 mm. 



Another form of side scraper is that which has two sides that 

 join to form a dull point. Both of the sides are scraper surfaces. 

 These have been called pointed side scrapers in that the two sides may 

 vary in outline from straight to slightly convex. If the two sides are 

 projected to a point, the angle formed may range from 13 degrees to 

 87 degrees. This diversity indicates that there is wide variance at 

 which the two sides may join to form the blunt point. There is quite 

 a latitude in the size of the flake utilized both as to length and thick- 

 ness. The juncture of the two scraping surfaces may vary from a 

 blunt tip to one that is somewhat squared (pi. 28, 4, e-K). 



