pLp. "jfo.' 35T HOSTERMAN SITE MILLER 211 



were smoothed prior to scarification. Their purpose and function are 

 not known. 



Practically all of the rock, of any size, found within the site was put 

 to some use at one time. Not all are recognizable tools. Some of the 

 larger fractured pieces may have served as a form of chopper ; others 

 are hammerstones, etc. 



HEMATITE AND OTHER PAINT SUBSTANCES 



During the partial exploration of the Hosterman site, several 

 worked nodules of hematite were found with faceted faces. These 

 must have been rubbed to reduce them to a powdered form to be used 

 as a paint. Then, too, a couple of lumps of a whitish material were 

 found along with a lump of a creamy whitish material and a lump of 

 powdered red ocher. These substances were found mostly in midden 

 pits. Features 9 and 22, as well as in small cache pits withm the 

 circular house pattern of Feature 22. 



Since no paint brushes were found during this period it raises 

 some doubt as to how this paint was applied. Various sherds had 

 paint stains on their interior surfaces. That this red paint was put 

 into these sherds as a container or as a crude sort of palette seems 

 very likely but it cannot be proved that such was ever the case. 

 Several of the bone implements bore reddish stains as though they 

 had come in contact, at one time or another, with red paint. 



Catlinite. — Four fragments of catlinite pipes were recovered from 

 Features 10, 16, and 22. The largest of these four pieces is about half 

 of a bulbous pipe bowl. The bowl rim has been brought to a sharp 

 edge rounding somewhat as the wall proceeded downward. The basal 

 section of this fragment is covered with numerous vertical parallel 

 thin scratches and the major part of the exterior has been smoothed 

 and polished. The smaller fragment of a pipe bowl appears to be 

 tubular in form. It, too, is covered on the exterior with a number of 

 scratches that form a rough hatchure. One of the broken edges had 

 been reworked, and four shallow grooves partially cross the thickness 

 of the wall. The lip of this particular pipe is flat and bevels slightly 

 outward. The other smaller fragments are terminal sections of pipe 

 stems. Some work was started to reshape the larger portion but this 

 was never completed and the section was discarded. 



A large section of rough catlinite was recovered that has one cut 

 surface. Shallow scratches cover the surface of this piece. A number 

 of its edges have been rubbed but still the piece does not conform to 

 any known object. It is just one of those partially worked pieces 

 which appear to clutter up the site without indicating their purpose. 



A small well-rubbed piece of catlinite, 21 mm. in length, 9 mm. in 

 width, and 8 mm. in thickness, was found at a depth of between 2.5 



