214 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 189 



Among the fragmentary forms were those that were spatulate in 

 outline and comparatively thin. These were made from the post- 

 scapular fossae sections with the sides ground to a thin beveled cutting 

 edge and the ends neatly rounded. 



Scapula scrapers. — These were made from fragments of the post- 

 scapula fossae sections. Most were worked from fragments into rec- 

 tanguloid shapes. Those that were made from sections of the post- 

 scapular process and acromian were much thicker and required much 

 more work to complete. Others were cut so that only a fractional 

 part of the scapula spine formed one edge (pi. 35, j5). 



Scapula hide scrapers. — Like other scapula scrapers, these were cut 

 from sections of bison scapulae. Most of them are either from the 

 posterior border and display scars where the ridge was left intact or 

 partially obliterated or were cut so that only a fractional part of the 

 scapula spine formed one edge. Basically, these tools are rectanguloid 

 in shape with a constricted section forming a ready handle. The 

 working portion of the blade has parallel sides and the cutting sur- 

 face was given a pronounced bevel over the entire edge. They 

 roughly resemble the blade in a modern carpenter's woodworking 

 plane in shape (pi. 35, B), On the backs there appear series of 

 shallow parallel scratches which have been acquired during the life of 

 the implement. The specimen shown in plate 35, 5, is 13.0 cm. in 

 length, 6.4 cm. in width, and is the best of the type found at the Hos- 

 terman site. 



Thong stretchers. — A single thong stretcher was found. This was 

 made from a small thin section of a bison scapula (pi. 34, B,h), whose 

 working edge was given a pronomiced U-shaped notch. The edges 

 and sides of the notch acquired a very high polish and the sides were 

 well smoothed. The specimen shown here is 7.5 cm. in overall length 

 and 4.1 cm. in greatest width. The notch itself measures 3.2 cm. across 

 the opening, 0.7 cm. near the base, and is 1.2 cm. in depth. 



Scapula sickle. — ^What appears to be a fragmentary scapula sickle 

 was recovered from Feature 25, a midden pit. Metcalf (1956, fig. 103, 

 6), features a complete sickle derived from the floor of a rectangular 

 house at site 39LM3, Lyman County, S. Dak. This fragment appears 

 to be a section of the handle with its adjoining notch where the blade 

 joins the handle. From the base of the handle up through the notch 

 this object displays considerable wear, accompanied by a high polish. 

 It is 25.0 cm. long. Another formative sickle is illustrated in plate 

 34, B, a. 



Flakers.- — ^Four flakers were made from bison rib bones. The heads 

 of the tools were rounded and the tips were brought to an abrupt dull 

 point. These are distinctly triangular in cross section and one side 

 appears to have been smoothed, for it has a smoother feel than does 



