276 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 1S9 



face of Features 10 and 11, occurring to a depth of 0.5 foot in the 

 former. The reexcavation of Feature 10 during the 1959 season pro- 

 duced some evidence of a rectangular structure ; this will be described 

 in greater detail below. 



Test fits. — Since the initial trenches proved to be largely unproduc- 

 tive, a number of smaller test pits were excavated in an attempt to 

 locate more intensely occupied areas. A total of 25 pits (5.0 by 5.0 

 feet, 4.0 feet deep) were dug, 19 of which failed to produce positive 

 results, although bone fragments and unworked stones appeared in 

 some. In Feature 20, a projectile point, an animal bone, and a quan- 

 tity of charcoal were excavated from zone 1. Feature 26, located 

 within a shallow, circular depression, about 35.0 feet in diameter, con- 

 tained a dark matrix which included stone and mammal bone in the 

 0.5- to 1.0-foot interval. No structural evidences were found in either 

 of these pits. Four additional tests, however, produced enough evi- 

 dence to warrant expansion of the excavation units. These Features 

 (12, 14, 22, 23) will be described below in the discussion of Features 

 25, 39, and 40. 



FORTIFICATIONS 



Feature 4, the bastion situated near the southeast corner of the site, 

 was semicircular in shape, with a diameter of slightly more than 40 

 feet (fig. 53). Prior to excavation, the surrounding ditch averaged 

 about 10 feet in width and 2 feet in depth, measured from the ad- 

 jacent soil surface (pi. 39, &). 



The bastion and adjoining ditch areas were excavated in 0.5 foot 

 levels following the surface contour (pi. 40, a, &). The excavation 

 was carried to a depth of approximately 1 foot over the entire area 

 and a foot or so lower in the northern part in an effort to locate post- 

 holes. In addition, a 5.0-foot test pit was dug into the center of the 

 feature to a depth of 4.0 feet. The stratigraphy here did not differ 

 from that found elsewhere in the site, except for a narrow band of 

 burned material (about 2 inches thick) at the bottom of zone 1. In 

 addition, flecks of charcoal were scattered throughout the deposits in 

 the pit. 



At about 4.0 feet below the surface, in the deepest part of the de- 

 fensive ditch, was a soft, very dark matrix that contained two concen- 

 trations of disarticulated animal bone. Although the quantity of 

 midden material is not large, it does suggest that the ditch was used 

 for refuse disposal during the life of the village. 



A small number of artifacts was found in the course of the bastion 

 excavation. Included were projectile points, pipe fragments, a 

 trapezoidal blade, a ground celt, and part of what might be an arrow- 

 shaft wrench. These will be described in greater detail in a subsequent 



