5S N^o ■ S^sT" TORONTO RESERVOIR AREA, KANS. — HOWARD 357 



Cwpstone. — ^A single cupstone, with pits on opposite faces, was 

 found at the site. The material is a reddish sandstone. It is 104 

 mm. in length, with a maximum width of 63 mm. and an average 

 thickness of 33 mm. The two pits measured 31 and 20 mm. in diam- 

 eter and are pecked to depths of 8 and 4 nun., respectively (pi. 56, /). 



Hoe. — A rather crude hoe, made of Cottonwood limestone, was 

 recovered. It is flat on one surface, rounded on the other, and has 

 been sharpened at one end. It is 154 mm. in length, 70 mm. in width, 

 and has a maximum thickness of 24 mm. 



Flake. — A very large gray chert flake was found on the surface of 

 the site. One edge shows some secondary chipping, and perhaps the 

 piece served as a scraper. It is 94 mm. long, has a maximum width 

 of 77 mm., and a maximum thickness of 23 mm. 



CULTURAL AEFILLA.TI0NS 



Heavy orange-buff potsherds and small triangular projectile points 

 identify this site with the Great Bend Aspect, previously designated 

 the Paint Creek Culture, and hitherto known only from central Kansas 

 (Wedel, 1940, pp. 332-334; 1942, p. 10; 1949, pp. 86-90; Smith, 1949, 

 pp. 292-300) . As noted earlier in this paper, this may represent the 

 late prehistoric and early historic Wichita tribe. Apparently very 

 closely related is the Neosho Focus of northeastern Oklahoma (Bell 

 and Baerreis, 1951, pp. 71-75) , Possibly a second and much earlier 

 Woodland or Archaic Component is represented by the large expand- 

 ing-stem projectile points found at the site. 



Site 14GE210 



This site is located on a slight rise on the south side of Walnut Creek, 

 one of the main tributaries of the Verdigris in this area (fig. 59). 

 The area of occupation is quite extensive, measuring approximately 

 1,000 feet in length (NW-SE) by 300 feet in width (NE-SW) . The 

 site was under cultivation in 1957 and has been for a number of years 

 (pl.57,«). 



EXCAVATIONS 



The site was tested by means of four 5-f oot-square test pits, which 

 were placed in areas of greatest surface concentration (fig. 65). The 

 first two of these were excavated to a depth of 3.0 feet, the other two 

 to a depth of 2.5 feet. Results were disappointing. The only artifact 

 recovered from any of these pits was a fragmentary projectile point 

 in the 0-foot to 0.5-foot level of test pit 2. The fill was a thin layer 

 of clay-loam topsoil which graded into a heavy clay at depths varying 

 from 0.3 to 0.7 foot. 



