366 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 189 



Paint. — The site yielded two paint stones. One is yellow limonite, 

 the other reddish-brown hematite. Both have been rubbed and 

 scratched to secure pigment. The limonite specimen is 32 mm. in 

 length and the hematite specimen is 24 mm. in length. 



Awl. — A single bone awl, worked from a deer metapodial, was re- 

 covered (pi. 58, in). It rested on the surface of the hearth, Feature 

 1. It is 74 mm. long and has a maximum width of 15 mm. 



Flaking tool. — ^A section of antler, possibly a flaking tool, in a very 

 poor state of preservation, was also found on top of the hearth. It 

 measured 90 mm. in length and 15 mm. in diameter. The specimen 

 crumbled when removal was attempted. 



Bone head. — A small tube of bird or small mammal bone was prob- 

 ably used as a bead. It is 15 mm. long and 3.5 mm. in diameter. This, 

 too, was recovered in the hearth ash. 



CUIiTURAL AFFILIATIONS 



On the basis of typology, three components have been isolated at 

 this site. In probable order of sequence, late to early, they are: 

 Aksarben ; Plains Woodland, perhaps the Keith Focus of the Orleans 

 Aspect ; and Archaic. 



SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 



The archeological investigations at the 10 sites in the Toronto Res- 

 ervoir area that have been reported in this paper reveal an aboriginal 

 occupation of the locality beginning about 5000 B.C. and extending 

 into the historic period. Although no Paleo-Indian material was re- 

 covered by the 1957 party, the presence of many Paleo-Indian points 

 in local collections indicates that worthwhile sites of this period may 

 be present somewhere in the vicinity. 



The materials described are attributable to five cultural groupings, 

 each on a slightly different time level, as follows : 



(1) The Archaic Culture (ca. 5000 B.C. to 200 B.C.) is represented 

 by site 14GR210 and by components at 14WO209, 14W0215, the Wall- 

 eye Rockshelter (14W0222), the Dry Creek Rockshelter (14W0224), 

 and 14GR216, with a possible representation at the Possum Point site 

 (14W0228). At the multicomponent sites the Archaic components 

 have been defined on admittedly shaky evidence, namely by the pres- 

 ence of large projectile points and by the absence of ceramic materials 

 that would identify these points with the cultural complexes. At 

 14GR210, which appears to be predominantly Archaic, large unnotched 

 and side-notched points are accompanied by large chipped blades, a 

 beveled knife, end scrapers, flake scrapers, a chopper, and manos. The 

 inventory suggests that these people were hunters and gatherers of 



