pip. ■jfo.' S^sT TORONTO RESERVOIR AREA, KANS. — HOWARD 367 



wild food. They lacked horticulture, as well as the bow and arrow 

 and the ceramic arts. 



(2) The Kansas City Hopewell Culture (ca. 200 B.C.-A.D. 500) is 

 represented by one site, 14WO203. It is identified by smoothed, grit- 

 tempered pottery, decorated with dentate- and rocker-stamping, to- 

 gether with large, expanding-stem projectile points, drills, gravers, 

 pyriform blades, and scrapers, flake scrapers, choppers, and pieces of 

 worked hematite. The Kansas City Hopewell people practiced maize 

 horticulture and made pottery but were apparently not familiar with 

 the bow and arrow. Settlements were larger and more permanent 

 than in Archaic times. 



(3) The Plains Woodland Culture (ca. A.D. 500-900) is represent- 

 ed at one multicomponent site, 14GR216, where it was identified by 

 five thick, cord-marked, grit-tempered sherds. Small expanding-stem 

 points, with or without serrated blades, are also assignable to this com- 

 ponent of the site, and suggest specific identification with the Keith 

 Focus of the Orleans Aspect. Since 14GR216 is an unstratified multi- 

 component site, it is not known which of the other artifacts recovered, 

 such as scrapers, choppers, manos, etc., should be assigned to the Plains 

 Woodland component. 



The Plains Woodland people (representing the Middle Woodland 

 time level) possessed a culture very similar to that of the Kansas City 

 Hopewell groups, and the artifacts of the two cultures show a close 

 relationship. Like the Hopewell people, the Plains Woodland groups 

 practiced horticulture, supplementing the food secured in this manner 

 with wild vegetal products and game. The presence of both large 

 and small projectile points at Plains Woodland sites indicates that 

 both the bow and arrow and the atlatl were in use. 



(4) Components assignable to the Aksarhen Aspect (ca. A.D. 1100- 

 1500) were present at five sites, all of which had more than one com- 

 ponent. These are: 14WO209, 14W0215, the Walleye Eockshelter 

 (14W0222), the Dry Creek Rockshelter (14W0224), and 14GR216. 

 The Aksarben components are identified by moderately thin, cord- 

 marked, grit-tempered pottery with either plain flaring or incised 

 collared rims. At site 14GR216 the small side-notched and unnotched 

 projectile points can be assigned to this component, which is the 

 latest occupation present there. The Aksarben people, like the Kan- 

 sas City Hopewell and Plains Woodland folk, were dependent upon 

 hunting, gathering, and maize horticulture. Villages tended to be 

 larger and more numerous than in earlier periods. Apparently the 

 bow and arrow had completely supplanted the atlatl. 



(5) Four sites had components of the Great Bend Aspect (ca. AD. 

 1500-1700) . These are : 14W0215 ; the Walleye Rockshelter (14W0 

 222) ; the Dry Creek Rockshelter (14W0224) ; and the Possum Point 



