12 BUREAU OT* AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 41 



Rooms 6j 7, 8, which lie side bj' side, closelj' resemble one another, 

 having much in common. They were evidently dwellings, and may 

 have been sleeping-places for families. Rooms 7 and 8 were two 

 stories high, the floor of no. 8 being on a level with the adjoining 

 plaza. . Room 9 is so unusual in its construction that it can not be 

 regarded as a living room. It was used as a mortuary chamber, 

 evidences being strong that it was opened from time to time for new 

 interments. Room 12 also was a ceremonial chamber, and, like the 

 preceding, will be considered later at greater length. The walls of 

 the two rooms, 10 and 11, are low, projecting into plaza C, of whose 

 border they form a part. Near them, or in one corner of the same 

 plaza, is a bin, the sides of which are formed of stone slabs set on 

 edge. The use of this bin is problematical. 



The front wall of room 15 had been almost wholly destroyed before 

 the repair work began, and was so unstable that it was necessary to 

 erect a buttress to support it. This room, which is one story high, 

 is irregular in shape ; its doorways open into rooms 14 and 16. The 

 walls of rooms 16 and 18 extend to the roof of the cave, shutting out 

 the light on one side from the great refuse-place in the rear of the 

 cliff-dwellings. The openings through the walls of these rooms into 

 this darkened area have been much broken by vandals, and the walls 

 greatly damaged. Room 17, like 16 and 18, is somewhat larger than 

 most of the apartments in Spruce-tree House. 



Theoretically it may be supposed that when Spruce-tree House was 

 first settled it had one clan occupying a cluster of rooms, 1-11, and 

 one ceremonial room, kiva A. As the place grew three other " unit 

 types " centering about kivas C-H were added, and still later each of 

 these units was enlarged and new kivas were built in each section. 

 Thus A was enlarged by addition of B ; C by addition of D ; E by 

 addition of F ; and G was subordinated to H. In this way the rooms 

 near the kivas grew in numbers. The block of rooms designated 

 50-53 is not accounted for, however, in this theory. 



Rooms numbered 19-22 are instructive. Their walls are well pre- 

 served and form the east side of plaza C. These walls extend from 

 the level of the plaza to the top of the cavern, and in places show 

 some of the best masonrj^ in Spruce-tree House. Just in front of 

 room 19, situated on the left-hand side as one enters the doorway, is 

 a covered recess, where probably ceremonial bread was baked or 

 otherwise cooked. This place bears a strong resemblance to recesses 

 found in Hopi villages, especially as in its floor is set a cooking-pot 

 made of earthenware. Rooms 19-21 are two stories high; there are 

 fireplaces in the corners and doorways on the front sides. The upper 

 stories were approached and entered by balconies. The holes in which 

 formerly rested the beams that supported these balconies can be 

 clearly seen. 



